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October 4, 2017 at 8:06 am #523894
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<body class=”mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-IPhone rootpage-IPhone vector-nav-directionality skin-vector action-view mw-mmv-lightbox-open”> <div id=”mw-page-base” class=”noprint”></div>
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<div id=”siteNotice” class=”mw-body-content”><div id=”centralNotice”></div><!– CentralNotice –></div>
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</div>
<h1 id=”firstHeading” class=”firstHeading” lang=”en”>iPhone</h1>
<div id=”bodyContent” class=”mw-body-content”>
<div id=”siteSub” class=”noprint”>From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>
<div id=”contentSub”><span class=”mw-redirectedfrom”> (Redirected from Iphone)</span></div>
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Jump to: navigation, search
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<div id=”mw-content-text” lang=”en” dir=”ltr” class=”mw-content-ltr”><div class=”mw-parser-output”><div role=”note” class=”hatnote navigation-not-searchable”>This article is about the line of smartphones by Apple. For other uses, see iPhone (disambiguation).</div>
<table class=”infobox hproduct vevent” style=”width:22em”>
<caption class=”fn summary”>iPhone</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<td colspan=”2″ style=”text-align:center”></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan=”2″ style=”text-align:center”>
<div>The front face of iPhone X</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope=”row”>Developer</th>
<td>Apple Inc.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope=”row”>Manufacturer</th>
<td>Foxconn, Pegatron<br>
(contract manufacturers)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope=”row”>Type</th>
<td>Smartphone</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope=”row”>Release date</th>
<td>
<div class=”NavFrame collapsed” style=”border: none; padding: 0;” id=”NavFrame1″>
<div class=”NavHead” style=”font-size: 105%; background: transparent; text-align: left;”>June 29, 2007[show]</div>
<ul class=”NavContent” style=”list-style: none none; margin-left: 0px; text-align: left; font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: inherit; display: none;”>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>1st gen</b>: June 29, 2007<span style=”display:none”> (<span class=”bday dtstart published updated”>2007-06-29</span>)</span>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>3G:</b> July 11, 2008<span style=”display:none”> (<span class=”bday dtstart published updated”>2008-07-11</span>)</span>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>3GS</b>: June 19, 2009<span style=”display:none”> (<span class=”bday dtstart published updated”>2009-06-19</span>)</span>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>4</b>: June 24, 2010<span style=”display:none”> (<span class=”bday dtstart published updated”>2010-06-24</span>)</span>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>4S</b>: October 14, 2011<span style=”display:none”> (<span class=”bday dtstart published updated”>2011-10-14</span>)</span>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>5</b>: September 21, 2012<span style=”display:none”> (<span class=”bday dtstart published updated”>2012-09-21</span>)</span>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>5C</b>, <b>5S</b>: September 20, 2013<span style=”display:none”> (<span class=”bday dtstart published updated”>2013-09-20</span>)</span>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>6 / 6 Plus</b>: September 19, 2014<span style=”display:none”> (<span class=”bday dtstart published updated”>2014-09-19</span>)</span>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>6S / 6S Plus</b>: September 25, 2015<span style=”display:none”> (<span class=”bday dtstart published updated”>2015-09-25</span>)</span>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>SE</b>: March 31, 2016<span style=”display:none”> (<span class=”bday dtstart published updated”>2016-03-31</span>)</span>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>7 / 7 Plus</b>: September 16, 2016<span style=”display:none”> (<span class=”bday dtstart published updated”>2016-09-16</span>)</span>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>8 / 8 Plus</b>: September 22, 2017<span style=”display:none”> (<span class=”bday dtstart published updated”>2017-09-22</span>)</span>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>X</b>: November 3, 2017<span style=”display:none”> (<span class=”bday dtstart published updated”>2017-11-03</span>)</span>

</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope=”row”>Units sold</th>
<td>1.2 billion+ <sup id=”cite_ref-auto_1-0″ class=”reference”>[1]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope=”row”>Operating system</th>
<td>iOS</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope=”row”>System-on-chip used</th>
<td>
<div class=”NavFrame collapsed” style=”border: none; padding: 0;” id=”NavFrame2″>
<div class=”NavHead” style=”font-size: 105%; background: transparent; text-align: left;”>Chips used[show]</div>
<ul class=”NavContent” style=”list-style: none none; margin-left: 0px; text-align: left; font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: inherit; display: none;”>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>1st gen</b> and <b>3G:</b> S5L8900
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>3GS:</b> S5PC100
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>4:</b> Apple A4
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>4S:</b> Apple A5
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>5</b> / <b>5C:</b> Apple A6
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>5S:</b> Apple A7
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>6 / 6 Plus:</b> Apple A8
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>6S / 6S Plus</b> and <b>SE:</b> Apple A9
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>7 / 7 Plus:</b> Apple A10 Fusion
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>8 / 8 Plus / X:</b> Apple A11 Bionic

</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope=”row”>CPU</th>
<td>
<div class=”NavFrame collapsed” style=”border: none; padding: 0;” id=”NavFrame3″>
<div class=”NavHead” style=”font-size: 105%; background: transparent; text-align: left;”>CPU[show]</div>
<ul class=”NavContent” style=”list-style: none none; margin-left: 0px; text-align: left; font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: inherit; display: none;”>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>1st gen</b> and <b>3G:</b> Samsung 32-bit RISC ARM 1176JZ(F)-S v1.0<sup id=”cite_ref-2″ class=”reference”>[2]</sup>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>3GS:</b> 600 MHz ARM Cortex-A8<sup id=”cite_ref-3″ class=”reference”>[3]</sup>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>4:</b> 800 MHz ARM Cortex-A8<sup id=”cite_ref-4″ class=”reference”>[4]</sup>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>4S:</b> 800 MHz dual-core ARM Cortex-A9<sup id=”cite_ref-5″ class=”reference”>[5]</sup>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>5 / 5C:</b> 1.3 GHz dual-core Apple A6
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>5S:</b> 1.3 GHz 64-bit dual-core Apple A7
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>6 / 6 Plus:</b> 1.4 GHz 64-bit dual-core Apple A8
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>6S / 6S Plus</b> and <b>SE:</b> 1.85 GHz 64-bit dual-core Apple A9
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>7 / 7 Plus:</b> 2.34 GHz 64-bit quad-core Apple A10 Fusion (2x Hurricane + 2x Zephyr)<sup id=”cite_ref-iPhone_7_.26_7_Plus_6-0″ class=”reference”>[6]</sup>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>8 / 8 Plus / X:</b> GHz 64-bit hexa-core Apple A11 Bionic (2x Monsoon + 4x Mistral)

</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope=”row”>Memory</th>
<td>
<div class=”NavFrame collapsed” style=”border: none; padding: 0;” id=”NavFrame4″>
<div class=”NavHead” style=”font-size: 105%; background: transparent; text-align: left;”>Memory[show]</div>
<ul class=”NavContent” style=”list-style: none none; margin-left: 0px; text-align: left; font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: inherit; display: none;”>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>1st gen</b> and <b>3G:</b> 128 MB LPDDR RAM (137 MHz)
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>3GS:</b> <span class=”nowrap”>256 MB</span> LPDDR RAM (200 MHz)
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>4:</b> <span class=”nowrap”>512 MB</span> LPDDR2 RAM (200 MHz)
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>4S:</b> <span class=”nowrap”>512 MB</span> LPDDR2 RAM
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>5 / 5C:</b> 1 GB LPDDR2 RAM
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>5S</b> and <b>6 / 6 Plus:</b> 1 GB LPDDR3 RAM
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>6S / 6S Plus, SE</b> and <b>7:</b> 2 GB LPDDR4 RAM
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>8:</b> 2 GB LPDDR4X RAM
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>7 Plus:</b> 3 GB LPDDR4 RAM
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>8 Plus</b> and <b>X:</b> 3 GB LPDDR4X RAM

</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope=”row”>Storage</th>
<td>4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, or 256 GB flash memory<sup id=”cite_ref-7″ class=”reference”>[7]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope=”row”>Display</th>
<td>
<div class=”NavFrame collapsed” style=”border: none; padding: 0;” id=”NavFrame5″>
<div class=”NavHead” style=”font-size: 105%; background: transparent; text-align: left;”>Display[show]</div>
<ul class=”NavContent” style=”list-style: none none; margin-left: 0px; text-align: left; font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: inherit; display: none;”>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>1st gen</b> and <b>3G:</b>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>3.5 in (89 mm)
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>3:2 aspect ratio, scratch-resistant<sup id=”cite_ref-jun18PressRelease_8-0″ class=”reference”>[8]</sup> glossy glass covered screen, 262,144-color (18-bit) TN LCD, 480 × 320 px (HVGA) at 163 ppi, 200:1 contrast ratio
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>3GS:</b>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>In addition to prior, features a fingerprint-resistant oleophobic coating,<sup id=”cite_ref-9″ class=”reference”>[9]</sup> and 262,144-color (18-bit) TN LCD with hardware spatial dithering<sup id=”cite_ref-edepot_10-0″ class=”reference”>[10]</sup>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>4</b> and <b>4S:</b>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>3.5 in (89 mm); 3:2 aspect ratio, aluminosilicate glass covered 16,777,216-color (24-bit) IPS LCD screen, 960 × 640 px at 326 ppi, 800:1 contrast ratio, 500 <span class=”nowrap”> </span><span class=”frac nowrap”><sup>cd</sup>⁄<sub>m²</sub></span> max brightness
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>5 / 5C / 5S / SE:</b>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>4.0 in (100 mm); 16:9 aspect ratio; 1136 × 640 px screen resolution at 326 ppi
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>6 / 6S / 7 / 8:</b>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>4.7 in (120 mm); 16:9 aspect ratio; 1334 × 750 px screen resolution at 326 ppi
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>6 Plus / 6S Plus / 7 Plus / 8 Plus:</b>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>5.5 in (140 mm); 16:9 aspect ratio; 1920 × 1080 px screen resolution at 401 ppi
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>X:</b>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>5.8 in (150 mm); 16:9 aspect ratio; 2436 × 1125 pix screen resolution at 458 ppi

</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope=”row”>Graphics</th>
<td>
<div class=”NavFrame collapsed” style=”border: none; padding: 0;” id=”NavFrame6″>
<div class=”NavHead” style=”font-size: 105%; background: transparent; text-align: left;”>Graphics[show]</div>
<ul class=”NavContent” style=”list-style: none none; margin-left: 0px; text-align: left; font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: inherit; display: none;”>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>1st gen</b> and <b>3G:</b>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>PowerVR MBX Lite 3D GPU<sup id=”cite_ref-GPUmbx_11-0″ class=”reference”>[11]</sup> (103 MHz)
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>3GS:</b> PowerVR SGX535 GPU
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>(150 MHz)<sup id=”cite_ref-3G_S_Processor_12-0″ class=”reference”>[12]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-4_Processor_13-0″ class=”reference”>[13]</sup>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>4:</b> PowerVR SGX535 GPU (200 MHz)<sup id=”cite_ref-3G_S_Processor_12-1″ class=”reference”>[12]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-4_Processor_13-1″ class=”reference”>[13]</sup>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>4S:</b> PowerVR SGX543MP2 (2-core) GPU
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>5 / 5C:</b> PowerVR SGX543MP3 (3-core) GPU
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>5S:</b> PowerVR G6430 (4-core) GPU
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>6 / 6 Plus:</b> PowerVR GX6450 (4-core) GPU
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>6S / 6S Plus</b> and <b>SE:</b> PowerVR GT7600 (6-core) GPU<sup id=”cite_ref-14″ class=”reference”>[14]</sup>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>7 / 7 Plus:</b> PowerVR Series 7XT Plus (6-core) GPU<sup id=”cite_ref-iPhone_7_.26_7_Plus_6-1″ class=”reference”>[6]</sup>

</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope=”row”>Sound</th>
<td>
<div class=”hlist”>
- Bluetooth
- stereo speaker (iPhone 7 and up)
- microphone
- 3.5mm stereo audio jack (not available on iPhone 7 and up)
- Lightning port (requires iOS 10 or later)
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope=”row”>Connectivity</th>
<td>
<div class=”NavFrame collapsed” style=”border: none; padding: 0;” id=”NavFrame7″>
<div class=”NavHead” style=”font-size: 105%; background: transparent; text-align: left;”>Wi-Fi and Bluetooth [show]</div>
<ul class=”NavContent” style=”list-style: none none; margin-left: 0px; text-align: left; font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: inherit; display: none;”>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>1st gen</b>, <b>3G</b>, and <b>3GS:</b><br>
Wi-Fi (802.11 b/g)<br>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>4</b>, and <b>4S:</b><br>
Wi-Fi (802.11 b/g/n)<br>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>5</b>, <b>5C</b>, and <b>5S:</b><br>
Wi-Fi (802.11 a/b/g/n)<br>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>6 / 6 Plus</b>, <b>6S / 6S Plus</b>, <b>7 / 7 Plus</b>, and <b>SE:</b><br>
Wi-Fi (802.11 a/b/g/n/ac)
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>1st gen</b>, <b>3G</b>, <b>3GS</b>, and <b>4:</b><br>
Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR<br>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>4S</b>, <b>5</b>, <b>5C</b>, <b>5S</b>, and <b>6 / 6 Plus:</b><br>
Bluetooth 4.0<br>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>6S / 6S Plus</b>, <b>SE</b> and <b>7 / 7 Plus:</b><br>
Bluetooth 4.2
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>8 / 8 Plus / X:</b><br>
Bluetooth 5.0

</div>
<p><b>GSM models also include:</b></p>
<div class=”hlist”>
- LTE 700, 2100 MHz
- <span class=”wrap”>UMTS / HSDPA/HSPA+ / DC-HSDPA</span> 850, 900, 1900, 2100 MHz
- <span class=”wrap”>GSM / EDGE</span> 850, 900, 1800, 1900 MHz
<p><b>CDMA model also includes:</b></p>
- LTE 700 MHz
- CDMA/EV-DO Rev. A 800, 1900 MHz
- <span class=”wrap”>UMTS / HSDPA/HSPA+/DC-HSDPA</span> 850, 900, 1900, 2100 MHz
- <span class=”wrap”>GSM / EDGE</span> 850, 900, 1800, 1900 MHz
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope=”row”>Power</th>
<td>
<div class=”NavFrame collapsed” style=”border: none; padding: 0;” id=”NavFrame8″>
<div class=”NavHead” style=”font-size: 105%; background: transparent; text-align: left;”>Built-in rechargeable<br>
lithium-ion battery [show]</div>
<ul class=”NavContent” style=”list-style: none none; margin-left: 0px; text-align: left; font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: inherit; display: none;”>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>1st gen:</b> <span class=”nowrap”>3.7 V 5.18 W·h (1400</span> mA·h)
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>3G:</b> <span class=”nowrap”>3.7 V</span> <span class=”nowrap”>4.12 W·h</span> (1150 mA·h)
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>3GS</b> <span class=”nowrap”>3.7 V</span> <span class=”nowrap”>4.51 W·h</span> (1219 mA·h)
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>4:</b> <span class=”nowrap”>3.7 V</span> <span class=”nowrap”>5.25 W·h</span> (1420 mA·h)
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>4S:</b> <span class=”nowrap”>3.7 V</span> <span class=”nowrap”>5.3 W·h</span> (1432 mA·h)
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>5:</b> <span class=”nowrap”>3.8 V</span> <span class=”nowrap”>5.45 W·h</span> (1440 mA·h)
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>5C:</b> <span class=”nowrap”>3.8 V</span> <span class=”nowrap”>5.73 W·h</span> (1510 mA·h)
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>5S:</b> <span class=”nowrap”>3.8 V</span> <span class=”nowrap”>5.92 W·h</span> (1560 mA·h)
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>6:</b> <span class=”nowrap”>3.82 V</span> <span class=”nowrap”>6.91 W·h</span> (1810 mA·h)
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>6 Plus:</b> <span class=”nowrap”>3.82 V</span> <span class=”nowrap”>11.1 W·h</span> (2915 mA·h)
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>6S:</b> <span class=”nowrap”>3.82 V</span> <span class=”nowrap”>6.55 W·h</span> (1715 mA·h)
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>6S Plus:</b> <span class=”nowrap”>3.8 V</span> <span class=”nowrap”>10.45 W·h</span> (2750 mA·h)
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>SE:</b> <span class=”nowrap”>3.82 V</span> <span class=”nowrap”>6.21 W·h</span> (1624 mA·h)
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>7:</b> <span class=”nowrap”>3.8 V</span> <span class=”nowrap”>7.45 W·h</span> (1960 mA·h)
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>7 Plus:</b> <span class=”nowrap”>3.82 V</span> <span class=”nowrap”>11.10 W·h</span> (2900 mA·h)

</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope=”row”>Online services</th>
<td>
<div class=”hlist”>
- iTunes Store
- App Store
- iCloud
- iBooks
- Podcast
- Apple Music
- Passbook
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope=”row”>Dimensions</th>
<td>
<div class=”NavFrame collapsed” style=”border: none; padding: 0;” id=”NavFrame9″>
<div class=”NavHead” style=”font-size: 105%; background: transparent; text-align: left;”>Dimensions[show]</div>
<ul class=”NavContent” style=”list-style: none none; margin-left: 0px; text-align: left; font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: inherit; display: none;”>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>1st gen:</b>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>115 mm (4.5 in) H
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>61 mm (2.4 in) W
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>11.6 mm (0.46 in) D
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>3G</b> & <b>3GS:</b>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>115.5 mm (4.55 in) H
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>62.1 mm (2.44 in) W
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>12.3 mm (0.48 in) D
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>4</b> & <b>4S:</b>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>115.2 mm (4.54 in) H
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>58.6 mm (2.31 in) W
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>9.3 mm (0.37 in) D
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>5, 5S</b> & <b>SE:</b>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>123.8 mm (4.87 in) H
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>58.6 mm (2.31 in) W
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>7.6 mm (0.30 in) D
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>5C:</b>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>124.4 mm (4.90 in) H
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>59.2 mm (2.33 in) W
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>8.97 mm (0.353 in) D
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>6:</b>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>138.1 mm (5.44 in) H
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>67 mm (2.6 in) W
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>6.9 mm (0.27 in) D
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>6 Plus:</b>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>158.1 mm (6.22 in) H
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>77.8 mm (3.06 in) W
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>7.1 mm (0.28 in) D
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>6S</b> & <b>7:</b>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>138.3 mm (5.44 in) H
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>67.1 mm (2.64 in) W
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>7.1 mm (0.28 in) D
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>6S Plus</b> & <b>7 Plus:</b>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>158.2 mm (6.23 in) H
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>77.9 mm (3.07 in) W
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>7.3 mm (0.29 in) D
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>8:</b>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>138.4 mm (5.45 in) H
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>67.3 mm (2.65 in) W
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>7.3 mm (0.29 in) D
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>8 Plus:</b>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>158.4 mm (6.24 in) H
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>78.1 mm (3.07 in) W
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>7.5 mm (0.30 in) D
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>X:</b>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>143.6 mm (5.65 in) H
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>70.9 mm (2.79 in) W
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>7.7 mm (0.30 in) D

</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope=”row”>Weight</th>
<td>
<div class=”NavFrame collapsed” style=”border: none; padding: 0;” id=”NavFrame10″>
<div class=”NavHead” style=”font-size: 105%; background: transparent; text-align: left;”>Weight[show]</div>
<ul class=”NavContent” style=”list-style: none none; margin-left: 0px; text-align: left; font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: inherit; display: none;”>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>1st gen</b> and <b>3GS:</b>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>135 g (4.8 oz)
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>3G:</b> 133 g (4.7 oz)
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>4:</b> 137 g (4.8 oz)
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>4S:</b> 140 g (4.9 oz)
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>5</b> and <b>5S:</b>
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″>112 g (4.0 oz)
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>5C:</b> 132 g (4.7 oz)
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>6:</b> 129 g (4.6 oz)
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>6 Plus:</b> 172 g (6.1 oz)
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>6S:</b> 143 g (5.0 oz)
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>6S Plus:</b> 192 g (6.8 oz)
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>SE:</b> 113 g (4.0 oz)
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>7:</b> 138 g (4.9 oz)
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>7 Plus:</b> 188 g (6.6 oz)
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>8:</b> 148 g (5.2 oz)
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>8 Plus:</b> 202 g (7.1 oz)
<li style=”line-height: inherit; margin: 0″><b>X:</b> 174 g (6.1 oz)

</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope=”row”>Related articles</th>
<td>
<div class=”hlist”>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope=”row”>Website</th>
<td><span class=”url”>apple<wbr>.com<wbr>/iphone<wbr>/</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p><b>iPhone</b> (<span class=”nowrap”><span class=”IPA nopopups noexcerpt”>/<span style=”border-bottom:1px dotted”><span title=”/ˈ/: primary stress follows”>ˈ</span><span title=”/aɪ/: ‘i’ in ‘tide'”>aɪ</span><span title=”‘f’ in ‘find'”>f</span><span title=”/oʊ/: ‘o’ in ‘code'”>oʊ</span><span title=”‘n’ in ‘nigh'”>n</span></span>/</span></span> <small title=”English pronunciation respelling”><i><b>EYE</b>-fohn</i></small>) is a line of smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc. They run Apple’s iOS mobile operating system. The first generation iPhone was released on June 29, 2007, and there have been multiple new hardware iterations with new iOS releases since.</p>
<p>The user interface is built around the device’s multi-touch screen, including a virtual keyboard. The iPhone has Wi-Fi and can connect to cellular networks. An iPhone can shoot video (though this was not a standard feature until the iPhone 3GS), take photos, play music, send and receive email, browse the web, send and receive text messages, follow GPS navigation, record notes, perform mathematical calculations, and receive visual voicemail. Other functionality, such as video games, reference works, and social networking, can be enabled by downloading mobile apps. As of January 2017<sup class=”plainlinks noprint asof-tag update” style=”display:none;”>[update]</sup>, Apple’s App Store contained more than 2.2 million applications available for the iPhone.</p>
<p>Apple has released ten generations of iPhone models, each accompanied by one of the ten major releases of the iOS operating system. The original 1st-generation iPhone was a GSM phone and established design precedents, such as a button placement that has persisted throughout all releases and a screen size maintained for the next four iterations. The iPhone 3G added 3G network support, and was followed by the 3GS with improved hardware, the 4 with a metal chassis, higher display resolution and front-facing camera, and the 4S with improved hardware and the voice assistant Siri. The iPhone 5 featured a taller, 4-inch display and Apple’s newly introduced Lightning connector. In 2013, Apple released the 5S with improved hardware and a fingerprint reader, and the lower-cost 5C, a version of the 5 with colored plastic casings instead of metal. They were followed by the larger iPhone 6, with models featuring 4.7 and 5.5-inch displays. The iPhone 6S was introduced the following year, which featured hardware upgrades and support for pressure-sensitive touch inputs, as well as the SE—which featured hardware from the 6S but the smaller form factor of the 5S. In 2016, Apple unveiled the iPhone 7 and 7 Plus, which add water resistance, improved system and graphics performance, a new rear dual-camera setup on the Plus model, and new color options, while removing the 3.5 mm headphone jack found on previous models. The iPhone 8 and 8 Plus were released in 2017, adding a glass back and an improved screen and camera. The iPhone X was released alongside the 8 and 8 Plus, with its highlights being a near bezel-less design, an improved camera and a new facial recognition system, named Face ID, but having no home button, and therefore, no Touch ID.</p>
<p>The original iPhone was described as “revolutionary” and a “game-changer” for the mobile phone industry. Newer iterations have also garnered praise, and the iPhone’s success has been credited with helping to make Apple one of the world’s most valuable publicly traded companies.</p>
<p></p>
<div id=”toc” class=”toc”>
<div class=”toctitle”>
<h2>Contents</h2>
<span class=”toctoggle”> [hide] </span></div>
<li class=”toclevel-1 tocsection-5″><span class=”tocnumber”>2</span> <span class=”toctext”>Production</span>
<li class=”toclevel-1 tocsection-6″><span class=”tocnumber”>3</span> <span class=”toctext”>Hardware</span>
<li class=”toclevel-2 tocsection-18″><span class=”tocnumber”>3.3</span> <span class=”toctext”>Audio and output</span>
<li class=”toclevel-2 tocsection-19″><span class=”tocnumber”>3.4</span> <span class=”toctext”>Battery</span>
<li class=”toclevel-2 tocsection-20″><span class=”tocnumber”>3.5</span> <span class=”toctext”>Camera</span>
<li class=”toclevel-2 tocsection-21″><span class=”tocnumber”>3.6</span> <span class=”toctext”>Storage</span>
<li class=”toclevel-2 tocsection-22″><span class=”tocnumber”>3.7</span> <span class=”toctext”>SIM card</span>
<li class=”toclevel-2 tocsection-23″><span class=”tocnumber”>3.8</span> <span class=”toctext”>Liquid contact indicators</span>
<li class=”toclevel-2 tocsection-24″><span class=”tocnumber”>3.9</span> <span class=”toctext”>Included items</span>
<li class=”toclevel-2 tocsection-25″><span class=”tocnumber”>3.10</span> <span class=”toctext”>Payments</span>

<li class=”toclevel-1 tocsection-26″><span class=”tocnumber”>4</span> <span class=”toctext”>Software</span>
<li class=”toclevel-1 tocsection-34″><span class=”tocnumber”>5</span> <span class=”toctext”>Reception</span>
<li class=”toclevel-1 tocsection-35″><span class=”tocnumber”>6</span> <span class=”toctext”>Accessibility features</span>
<li class=”toclevel-1 tocsection-36″><span class=”tocnumber”>7</span> <span class=”toctext”>Models</span>
<li class=”toclevel-1 tocsection-37″><span class=”tocnumber”>8</span> <span class=”toctext”>Intellectual property</span>
<li class=”toclevel-1 tocsection-38″><span class=”tocnumber”>9</span> <span class=”toctext”>Secret tracking</span>
<li class=”toclevel-1 tocsection-39″><span class=”tocnumber”>10</span> <span class=”toctext”>Encryption and intelligence agency access</span>
<li class=”toclevel-1 tocsection-40″><span class=”tocnumber”>11</span> <span class=”toctext”>Restrictions</span>
<li class=”toclevel-1 tocsection-47″><span class=”tocnumber”>12</span> <span class=”toctext”>Legal battles over brand name</span>
<li class=”toclevel-1 tocsection-51″><span class=”tocnumber”>13</span> <span class=”toctext”>See also</span>
<li class=”toclevel-1 tocsection-52″><span class=”tocnumber”>14</span> <span class=”toctext”>References</span>
<li class=”toclevel-1 tocsection-53″><span class=”tocnumber”>15</span> <span class=”toctext”>External links</span>

</div>
<p></p>
<h2><span class=”mw-headline” id=”History_and_availability”>History and availability</span></h2>
<div class=”floatright”>
<div class=”timeline-wrapper”><map name=”timeline_42dac140124701c6fc723dfdd3b147a0″></map></div>
</div>
<div role=”note” class=”hatnote navigation-not-searchable”>Main article: History of iPhone</div>
<div role=”note” class=”hatnote navigation-not-searchable”>See also: List of iOS devices</div>
<p>Development of what was to become the iPhone began in 2004, when Apple started to gather a team of 1,000 employees to work on the highly confidential “Project Purple”,<sup id=”cite_ref-RWW12_15-0″ class=”reference”>[15]</sup> including Jonathan Ive, the designer behind the iMac and iPod.<sup id=”cite_ref-16″ class=”reference”>[16]</sup> Apple CEO Steve Jobs steered the original focus away from a tablet (which Apple eventually revisited in the form of the iPad) and towards a phone.<sup id=”cite_ref-17″ class=”reference”>[17]</sup> Apple created the device during a secretive collaboration with Cingular Wireless (now AT&T Mobility) at the time—at an estimated development cost of US$150 million over thirty months.<sup id=”cite_ref-Wired_Untold_18-0″ class=”reference”>[18]</sup></p>
<p>Apple rejected the “design by committee” approach that had yielded the Motorola ROKR E1, a largely unsuccessful collaboration with Motorola. Among other deficiencies, the ROKR E1’s firmware limited storage to only 100 iTunes songs to avoid competing with Apple’s iPod nano.<sup id=”cite_ref-19″ class=”reference”>[19]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-20″ class=”reference”>[20]</sup></p>
<p>Cingular gave Apple the liberty to develop the iPhone’s hardware and software in-house<sup id=”cite_ref-CNN_secrets_21-0″ class=”reference”>[21]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-22″ class=”reference”>[22]</sup> and even paid Apple a fraction of its monthly service revenue (until the iPhone 3G),<sup id=”cite_ref-23″ class=”reference”>[23]</sup> in exchange for four years of exclusive US sales, until 2011.<sup id=”cite_ref-24″ class=”reference”>[24]</sup></p>
<p>Jobs unveiled the iPhone to the public on January 9, 2007, at the Macworld 2007 convention at the Moscone Center in San Francisco.<sup id=”cite_ref-25″ class=”reference”>[25]</sup> The two initial models, a 4 GB model priced at US$499 and an 8 GB model at US$599 (both requiring a 2-year contract), went on sale in the United States on June 29, 2007, at 6:00 pm local time, while hundreds of customers lined up outside the stores nationwide.<sup id=”cite_ref-AppleQ32007_26-0″ class=”reference”>[26]</sup> The passionate reaction to the launch of the iPhone resulted in sections of the media dubbing it the ‘Jesus phone’.<sup id=”cite_ref-27″ class=”reference”>[27]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-28″ class=”reference”>[28]</sup> Following this successful release in the US, the first generation iPhone was made available in the UK, France, and Germany in November 2007, and Ireland and Austria in the spring of 2008.</p>
<div class=”thumb tright”>
<div class=”thumbinner” style=”width:222px;”>
<div class=”thumbcaption”>
<div class=”magnify”></div>
Worldwide iPhone availability:
<div class=”legend” style=”-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column”><span class=”legend-color” style=”display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #305ba3; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;”> </span> iPhone available since its original release</div>
<div class=”legend” style=”-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column”><span class=”legend-color” style=”display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #7e98ce; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;”> </span> iPhone available since the release of iPhone 3G</div>
<div class=”legend” style=”-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column”><span class=”legend-color” style=”display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #52cf0a; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;”> </span> Coming soon</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>On July 11, 2008, Apple released the iPhone 3G in twenty-two countries, including the original six.<sup id=”cite_ref-iPhone_3G_launch_countries_29-0″ class=”reference”>[29]</sup> Apple released the iPhone 3G in upwards of eighty countries and territories.<sup id=”cite_ref-3G_countries_30-0″ class=”reference”>[30]</sup> Apple announced the iPhone 3GS on June 8, 2009, along with plans to release it later in June, July, and August, starting with the US, Canada and major European countries on June 19. Many would-be users objected to the iPhone’s cost,<sup id=”cite_ref-NPD_demographics_31-0″ class=”reference”>[31]</sup> and 40% of users had household incomes over US$100,000.<sup id=”cite_ref-Nielsen_demographics_32-0″ class=”reference”>[32]</sup></p>
<p>The back of the original first generation iPhone was made of aluminum with a black plastic accent. The iPhone 3G and 3GS feature a full plastic back to increase the strength of the GSM signal.<sup id=”cite_ref-33″ class=”reference”>[33]</sup> The iPhone 3G was available in an 8 GB black model, or a black or white option for the 16 GB model. The iPhone 3GS was available in both colors, regardless of storage capacity.</p>
<p>The iPhone 4 has an aluminosilicate glass front and back with a stainless steel edge that serves as the antennas. It was at first available in black; the white version was announced, but not released until April 2011, 10 months later.</p>
<p>Users of the iPhone 4 reported dropped/disconnected telephone calls when holding their phones in a certain way. This became known as antennagate.<sup id=”cite_ref-34″ class=”reference”>[34]</sup></p>
<p>On January 11, 2011, Verizon announced during a media event that it had reached an agreement with Apple and would begin selling a CDMA iPhone 4. Verizon said it would be available for pre-order on February 3, with a release set for February 10.<sup id=”cite_ref-35″ class=”reference”>[35]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-36″ class=”reference”>[36]</sup> In February 2011, the Verizon iPhone accounted for 4.5% of all iPhone ad impressions in the US on Millennial Media’s mobile ad network.<sup id=”cite_ref-VB_ad_network_37-0″ class=”reference”>[37]</sup></p>
<p>From 2007 to 2011, Apple spent $647 million on advertising for the iPhone in the US.<sup id=”cite_ref-RWW12_15-1″ class=”reference”>[15]</sup></p>
<p>On Tuesday, September 27, Apple sent invitations for a press event to be held October 4, 2011, at 10:00 am at the Cupertino Headquarters to announce details of the next generation iPhone, which turned out to be iPhone 4S. Over 1 million 4S models were sold in the first 24 hours after its release in October 2011.<sup id=”cite_ref-38″ class=”reference”>[38]</sup> Due to large volumes of the iPhone being manufactured and its high selling price, Apple became the largest mobile handset vendor in the world by revenue, in 2011, surpassing long-time leader Nokia.<sup id=”cite_ref-eon.businesswire.com_39-0″ class=”reference”>[39]</sup> American carrier C Spire Wireless announced that it would be carrying the iPhone 4S on October 19, 2011.<sup id=”cite_ref-cspire_40-0″ class=”reference”>[40]</sup></p>
<p>In January 2012, Apple reported its best quarterly earnings ever, with 53% of its revenue coming from the sale of 37 million iPhones, at an average selling price of nearly $660. The average selling price has remained fairly constant for most of the phone’s lifespan, hovering between $622 and $660.<sup id=”cite_ref-Jordan_41-0″ class=”reference”>[41]</sup> The production price of the iPhone 4S was estimated by IHS iSuppli, in October 2011, to be $188, $207 and $245, for the 16 GB, 32 GB and 64 GB models, respectively.<sup id=”cite_ref-42″ class=”reference”>[42]</sup> Labor costs are estimated at between $12.50 and $30 per unit, with workers on the iPhone assembly line making $1.78 an hour.<sup id=”cite_ref-43″ class=”reference”>[43]</sup></p>
<p>In February 2012, ComScore reported that 12.4% of US mobile subscribers used an iPhone.<sup id=”cite_ref-post2_44-0″ class=”reference”>[44]</sup> Approximately 6.4 million iPhones are active in the US alone.<sup id=”cite_ref-Nielsen_demographics_32-1″ class=”reference”>[32]</sup></p>
<p>On September 12, 2012, Apple announced the iPhone 5. It has a 4-inch display, up from its predecessors’ 3.5-inch screen. The device comes with the same 326 pixels per inch found in the iPhone 4 and 4S. The iPhone 5 has the SoC A6 processor, the chip is 22% smaller than the iPhone 4S’ A5 and is twice as fast, doubling the graphics performance of its predecessor. The device is 18% thinner than the iPhone 4S, measuring 7.6 millimetres (0.3 in), and is 20% lighter at 112 grams (4 oz).</p>
<p>On July 6, 2013, it was reported that Apple was in talks with Korean mobile carrier SK Telecom to release the next generation iPhone with LTE Advanced technology.<sup id=”cite_ref-hngn_5S_rumor_1_45-0″ class=”reference”>[45]</sup></p>
<p>On July 22, 2013, the company’s suppliers said that Apple is testing out larger screens for the iPhone and iPad. “Apple has asked for prototype smartphone screens larger than 4 inches and has also asked for screen designs for a new tablet device measuring slightly less than 13 inches diagonally, they said.”<sup id=”cite_ref-46″ class=”reference”>[46]</sup></p>
<p>On September 10, 2013, Apple unveiled two new iPhone models during a highly anticipated press event in Cupertino. The iPhone 5C, a mid-range-priced version of the handset that is designed to increase accessibility due to its price is available in five colors (green, blue, yellow, pink, and white) and is made of plastic. The iPhone 5S comes in three colors (black, white, and gold) and the home button is replaced with a fingerprint scanner (Touch ID). Both phones shipped on September 20, 2013.<sup id=”cite_ref-cbc_two_phones_released_1_47-0″ class=”reference”>[47]</sup></p>
<p>On September 9, 2014, Apple revealed the iPhone 6 and the iPhone 6 Plus at an event in Cupertino. Both devices had a larger screen than their predecessor, at 4.7 and 5.5 inches respectively.<sup id=”cite_ref-48″ class=”reference”>[48]</sup></p>
<p>In 2016, Apple unveiled the iPhone 7 and 7 Plus, which add water and dust resistance, improved system and graphics performance, a new dual-camera setup on the Plus model, new color options, and remove the 3.5 mm headphone jack.<sup id=”cite_ref-49″ class=”reference”>[49]</sup></p>
<p>On September 12, 2017, Apple officially unveiled the iPhone 8 and 8 Plus, which features a new glass design, camera improvements, a True Tone display, wireless charging and improved system performance. It also unveiled the iPhone X, which features a near-bezelless design, face recognition dubbed “Face ID” with facial tracking used for Animojis, an OLED screen with the highest pixel density on an iPhone, a new telephoto lens which works better in low light conditions, and improved cameras for AR.<sup id=”cite_ref-50″ class=”reference”>[50]</sup></p>
<h3><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Sales_and_profits”>Sales and profits</span></h3>
<p>Apple sold 6.1 million first generation iPhone units over five quarters.<sup id=”cite_ref-2009_Q1_PR_51-0″ class=”reference”>[51]</sup> Sales in the fourth quarter of 2008, temporarily surpassed those of Research In Motion‘s (RIM) BlackBerry sales of 5.2 million units, which briefly made Apple the third largest mobile phone manufacturer by revenue, after Nokia and Samsung<sup id=”cite_ref-52″ class=”reference”>[52]</sup> (However, some of this income is deferred<sup id=”cite_ref-2009_Q2_PR_53-0″ class=”reference”>[53]</sup>). Recorded sales grew steadily thereafter, and by the end of fiscal year 2010, a total of 73.5 million iPhones were sold.<sup id=”cite_ref-54″ class=”reference”>[54]</sup></p>
<p>By 2010, the iPhone had a market share of barely 4% of all cellphones; however, Apple pulled in more than 50% of the total profit that global cellphone sales generate.<sup id=”cite_ref-55″ class=”reference”>[55]</sup> Apple sold 14.1 million iPhones in the third quarter of 2010, representing a 91% unit growth over the year-ago quarter, which was well ahead of IDC’s latest published estimate of 64% growth for the global smartphone market in the September quarter. Apple’s sales surpassed that of Research in Motion‘s 12.1 million BlackBerry units sold in their most recent quarter ended August 2010.<sup id=”cite_ref-56″ class=”reference”>[56]</sup> In the United States market alone for the third quarter of 2010, while there were 9.1 million Android-powered smartphones shipped for 43.6% of the market, Apple iOS was the number two phone operating system with 26.2% but the 5.5 million iPhones sold made it the most popular single device.<sup id=”cite_ref-57″ class=”reference”>[57]</sup></p>
<p>On March 2, 2011, at the iPad 2 launch event, Apple announced that they had sold 100 million iPhones worldwide.<sup id=”cite_ref-post_58-0″ class=”reference”>[58]</sup> As a result of the success of the iPhone sales volume and high selling price, headlined by the iPhone 4S, Apple became the largest mobile handset vendor in the world by revenue in 2011, surpassing long-time leader Nokia.<sup id=”cite_ref-eon.businesswire.com_39-1″ class=”reference”>[39]</sup> While the Samsung Galaxy S II proved more popular than the iPhone 4S in parts of Europe, the iPhone 4S was dominant in the United States.<sup id=”cite_ref-59″ class=”reference”>[59]</sup></p>
<p>In January 2012, Apple reported its best quarterly earnings ever, with 53% of its revenue coming from the sale of 37 million iPhones, at an average selling price of nearly $660. The average selling price has remained fairly constant for most of the phone’s lifespan, hovering between $622 and $660.<sup id=”cite_ref-Jordan_41-1″ class=”reference”>[41]</sup></p>
<p>For the eight largest phone manufacturers in Q1 2012, according to Horace Dediu at Asymco, Apple and Samsung combined to take 99% of industry profits (HTC took the remaining 1%, while RIM, LG, Sony Ericsson, Motorola, and Nokia all suffered losses), with Apple earning 73 cents out of every dollar earned by the phone makers. As the industry profits grew from $5.3 billion in the first quarter of 2010 to $14.4 billion in the first quarter of 2012 (quadruple the profits in 2007),<sup id=”cite_ref-60″ class=”reference”>[60]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-61″ class=”reference”>[61]</sup> Apple had managed to increase its share of these profits. This is due to increasing carrier subsidies and the high selling prices of the iPhone, which had a negative effect on the wireless carriers (AT&T Mobility, Verizon, and Sprint) who have seen their EBITDA service margins drop as they sold an increasing number of iPhones.<sup id=”cite_ref-62″ class=”reference”>[62]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-63″ class=”reference”>[63]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-64″ class=”reference”>[64]</sup> By the quarter ended March 31, 2012, Apple’s sales from the iPhone alone (at $22.7 billion) exceeded the total of Microsoft from all of its businesses ($17.4 billion).<sup id=”cite_ref-65″ class=”reference”>[65]</sup></p>
<p>In the fourth quarter of 2012, the iPhone 5 and iPhone 4S were the best-selling handsets with sales of 27.4 million (13% of smartphones worldwide) and 17.4 million units, respectively, with the Samsung Galaxy S III in third with 15.4 million. According to Strategy Analytics’ data, this was “an impressive performance, given the iPhone portfolio’s premium pricing,” adding that the Galaxy S III’s global popularity “appears to have peaked” (the Galaxy S III was touted as an iPhone-killer by some in the press when it was released<sup id=”cite_ref-66″ class=”reference”>[66]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-67″ class=”reference”>[67]</sup>). While Samsung has led in worldwide sales of smartphones, Apple’s iPhone line has still managed to top Samsung’s smartphone offerings in the United States,<sup id=”cite_ref-68″ class=”reference”>[68]</sup> with 21.4% share and 37.8% in that market, respectively. iOS grew 3.5% to a 37.8%, while Android slid 1.3% to fall to a 52.3% share.<sup id=”cite_ref-69″ class=”reference”>[69]</sup></p>
<p>The continued top popularity of the iPhone despite growing Android competition was also attributed to Apple being able to deliver iOS updates over the air, while Android updates are frequently impeded by carrier testing requirements and hardware tailoring, forcing consumers to purchase a new Android smartphone to get the latest version of that OS.<sup id=”cite_ref-70″ class=”reference”>[70]</sup> However, by 2013, Apple’s market share had fallen to 13.1%, due to the surging popularity of the Android offerings.<sup id=”cite_ref-71″ class=”reference”>[71]</sup></p>
<p>Apple announced on September 1, 2013, that its iPhone trade-in program would be implemented at all of its 250 specialty stores in the US. For the program to become available, customers must have a valid contract and must purchase a new phone, rather than simply receive credit to be used at a later date. A significant part of the program’s goal is to increase the number of customers who purchase iPhones at Apple stores rather than carrier stores.<sup id=”cite_ref-72″ class=”reference”>[72]</sup></p>
<p>On September 20, 2013, the sales date of the iPhone 5S and 5C models, the longest ever queue was observed at the New York City flagship Apple store, in addition to prominent queues in San Francisco, US and Canada; however, locations throughout the world were identified for the anticipation of corresponding consumers.<sup id=”cite_ref-73″ class=”reference”>[73]</sup> Apple also increased production of the gold-colored iPhone 5S by an additional one-third due to the particularly strong demand that emerged.<sup id=”cite_ref-74″ class=”reference”>[74]</sup> Apple had decided to introduce a gold model after finding that gold was seen as a popular sign of a luxury product among Chinese customers.<sup id=”cite_ref-Cook_Says_Chinese_Tastes_Considered_in_Apple_Product_Designs_75-0″ class=”reference”>[75]</sup></p>
<p>Apple released its opening weekend sales results for the 5C and 5S models, showing an all-time high for the product’s sales figures, with 9 million handsets sold—the previous record was set in 2012, when 5 million handsets were sold during the opening weekend of the 5 model. This was the first time that Apple has simultaneously launched two models and the inclusion of China in the list of markets contributed to the record sales result.<sup id=”cite_ref-76″ class=”reference”>[76]</sup> Apple also announced that, as of September 23, 2013, 200 million devices were running the iOS 7 update, making it the “fastest software upgrade in history.”<sup id=”cite_ref-77″ class=”reference”>[77]</sup></p>
<p>An Apple Store located at the Christiana Mall in Newark, Delaware, US claimed the highest iPhones sales figures in November 2013. The store’s high sales results are due to the absence of a sales tax in the state of Delaware.<sup id=”cite_ref-lat111413_78-0″ class=”reference”>[78]</sup></p>
<p>The finalization of a deal between Apple and China Mobile, the world’s largest mobile network, was announced in late December 2013. The multi-year agreement provides iPhone access to over 760 million China Mobile subscribers.<sup id=”cite_ref-79″ class=”reference”>[79]</sup></p>
<p>In the first quarter of 2014, Apple reported that it had sold 51<span class=”nowrap”> </span>million iPhones, an all-time quarterly record, compared to 47.8<span class=”nowrap”> </span>million in the year-ago quarter.<sup id=”cite_ref-80″ class=”reference”>[80]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-81″ class=”reference”>[81]</sup></p>
<h3><span class=”mw-headline” id=”iPhone_Upgrade_Program”>iPhone Upgrade Program</span></h3>
<p>The iPhone Upgrade Program is a 24-month program designed for consumers to be able to get the latest iPhone every year, without paying the whole price up-front. The program consists of “low monthly payments”, where consumers will gradually pay for the iPhone they have over a 24-month period, with an opportunity to switch (upgrade) to the new iPhone after 12 months of payment have passed. Once 12 months have passed, consumers can trade their current iPhone with a new one, and the payments are transferred from the old device to the new device, and the program “restarts” with a new 24-month period.<sup id=”cite_ref-iPhone_Upgrade_Program_82-0″ class=”reference”>[82]</sup></p>
<p>Additional features of the program include unlocked handsets, which means consumers are free to pick the network carrier they want, and 2-year AppleCare+ protection, which includes “hardware repairs, software support, and coverage for up to two incidents of accidental damage”.<sup id=”cite_ref-iPhone_Upgrade_Program_82-1″ class=”reference”>[82]</sup></p>
<p>Criticism of the program includes the potential endless cycle of payments, with <i>The Huffington Post‘</i>s Damon Beres writing, “Complete the full 24-month payment cycle, and you’re stuck with an outdated phone. Upgrade every 12 months, and you’ll never stop owing Apple money for iPhones”. Additionally, the program is limited to just the iPhone hardware; cell phone service from a network operator is not included.<sup id=”cite_ref-83″ class=”reference”>[83]</sup></p>
<h3><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Legacy”>Legacy</span></h3>
<p>Before the release of the iPhone, handset manufacturers such as Nokia and Motorola were enjoying record sales of cell phones based more on fashion and brand rather than technological innovation.<sup id=”cite_ref-84″ class=”reference”>[84]</sup> The smartphone market, dominated at the time by BlackBerry OS and Windows Mobile devices, was a “staid, corporate-led smartphone paradigm” focused on enterprise needs. Phones at the time were designed around carrier and business limits which were conservative with regards to bandwidth usage and battery life.<sup id=”cite_ref-ReferenceA_85-0″ class=”reference”>[85]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-BlackBerry_lost_empire_86-0″ class=”reference”>[86]</sup> Phones were sold in a very large number of models, often segmented by marketing strategy, confusing customers and sapping engineering resources.<sup id=”cite_ref-When_Dilbert_came_to_Nokia_87-0″ class=”reference”>[87]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-88″ class=”reference”>[88]</sup> For example, phones marketed at business were often deliberately stripped of cameras or the ability to play music and games.<sup id=”cite_ref-theglobeandmail.com_89-0″ class=”reference”>[89]</sup> Apple’s approach was to deliberately simplify its product line by offering just one model a year for all customers, while making it an expensive, high-end product.</p>
<p>Apple’s marketing, developing from the success of iPod campaigns, allowed the phone to become a mass-market product with many buyers on launch day. Some market research has found that, unusually for a technology product, iPhone users are disproportionately female.<sup id=”cite_ref-Women_more_likely_to_own_an_iPhone_than_men_90-0″ class=”reference”>[90]</sup> <i>Ars Technica</i> noted in 2012 that Apple had avoided ‘patronizing’ marketing to female customers, a practice used (often to sell low-quality, high-priced products) by many of its competitors.<sup id=”cite_ref-91″ class=”reference”>[91]</sup></p>
<p>When then-CEO of Research in Motion Mike Lazaridis pried open an iPhone, his impression was of a Mac stuffed into a cellphone, as it used much more memory and processing power than the smartphones on the market at the time.<sup id=”cite_ref-ReferenceA_85-1″ class=”reference”>[85]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-BlackBerry_lost_empire_86-1″ class=”reference”>[86]</sup> With its capacitive touchscreen and consumer-friendly design, the iPhone fundamentally changed the mobile industry, with Steve Jobs proclaiming in 2007, that the phone was not just a communication tool but a way of life.<sup id=”cite_ref-Symbian_collapse_92-0″ class=”reference”>[92]</sup></p>
<p>The dominant mobile operating systems at the time such as Symbian, BlackBerry OS, and Windows Mobile were not designed to handle additional tasks beyond communication and basic functions. These operating systems never focused on applications and developers, and due to infighting among manufacturers as well as the complexity of developing on their low-memory hardware, they never developed a thriving ecosystem like Apple’s App Store or Android‘s Google Play.<sup id=”cite_ref-Symbian_collapse_92-1″ class=”reference”>[92]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-93″ class=”reference”>[93]</sup> IPhone OS (renamed iOS in 2010) was designed as a robust OS with capabilities such as multitasking and graphics in order to meet future consumer demands.<sup id=”cite_ref-theglobeandmail.com_89-1″ class=”reference”>[89]</sup> Many services were provided by mobile carriers, who often extensively customized devices. Meanwhile, Apple’s decision to base its OS on OS X had the unexpected benefit of allowing OS X developers to rapidly expand into iOS development.<sup id=”cite_ref-94″ class=”reference”>[94]</sup> Rival manufacturers have been forced to spend more on software and development costs to catch up to the iPhone. The iPhone’s success has led to a decline in sales of high-end fashion phones and business-oriented smartphones such as Vertu and BlackBerry, as well as Nokia.<sup id=”cite_ref-Symbian_collapse_92-2″ class=”reference”>[92]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-businessweek.com_95-0″ class=”reference”>[95]</sup> Nokia realised the limitations of its operating system Symbian and attempted to develop a more advanced system, Maemo, without success. It ultimately agreed to a technology-sharing deal and then a takeover from Microsoft.<sup id=”cite_ref-This_is_how_a_Helsingin_Sanomat_journalist_tried_to_save_Nokia_96-0″ class=”reference”>[96]</sup></p>
<p>Prior to the iPhone, “Handsets were viewed largely as cheap, disposable lures, massively subsidized to snare subscribers and lock them into using the carriers’ proprietary services.” However, according to <i>Wired</i>, “Apple retained complete control over the design, manufacturing, and marketing of the iPhone”, meaning that it and not the carrier would control the software updates, and by extension security patches. By contrast, Google has allowed carriers and OEMs to dictate the “pace of upgrades and pre-load phones with their own software on top of Android“. As a result, many Android OEMs often lag months behind Google’s release of the next iteration of Android; although Nexus and Pixel devices are guaranteed 2 years of operating system updates and a third addition year for security. However, Apple has supported older iterations of iPhones for over 4 years.<sup id=”cite_ref-97″ class=”reference”>[97]</sup></p>
<h2><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Production”>Production</span></h2>
<p>Up to the iPhone 4, all iPhone models, as well as other iOS devices were manufactured exclusively by Foxconn, based in Taiwan. In 2011, after Tim Cook became CEO of the company, Apple changed its outsourcing strategy, for the first time increasing its supply partners. The iPhone 4s in 2012 was the first model which was manufactured simultaneously by two stand-alone companies: Foxconn as well as Pegatron, also based in Taiwan. Although Foxconn is still responsible for the larger share of production, Pegatron’s orders have been slowly increased, with the company being tasked with producing a part of the iPhone 5C line in 2013, and 30% of the iPhone 6 devices in 2014. The 6 Plus model is being produced solely by Foxconn.<sup id=”cite_ref-98″ class=”reference”>[98]</sup></p>
<h2><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Hardware”>Hardware</span></h2>
<h3><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Screen_and_input”>Screen and input</span></h3>
<p>The touchscreen on the first five generations is a 9 cm (3.5 in) liquid crystal display with scratch-resistant glass, while the one on the iPhone 5 is 4 inches.<sup id=”cite_ref-jun18PressRelease_8-1″ class=”reference”>[8]</sup> The capacitive touchscreen is designed for a bare finger, or multiple fingers for multi-touch sensing. The screens on the first three generations have a resolution of 320×480 (HVGA) at 163 ppi; those on the iPhone 4 and iPhone 4S have a resolution of 640×960 at 326 ppi; the 4-inch models, with 640×1136 at 326 ppi; the 4.7-inch models, with 750×1334 at 326 ppi; and the 5.5-inch models, with 1080×1920 at 401 ppi. The initial models were using twisted-nematic (TN) LCDs. Starting with iPhone 4, the technology was changed to in-plane switching (IPS) LCDs. The iPhone 5 model’s screen results in an aspect ratio of approximately 16:9. The iPhone X is the first iPhone to use an OLED display. It has a near bezel-less screen with a ~19.5:9 aspect ratio.<sup id=”cite_ref-99″ class=”reference”>[99]</sup></p>
<p>The touch and gesture features of the iPhone are based on technology originally developed by FingerWorks.<sup id=”cite_ref-100″ class=”reference”>[100]</sup> Most gloves and styli prevent the necessary electrical conductivity;<sup id=”cite_ref-HowiPhoneWorks_101-0″ class=”reference”>[101]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-pogueFAQ_102-0″ class=”reference”>[102]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-pogueFAQ2_103-0″ class=”reference”>[103]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-104″ class=”reference”>[104]</sup> although capacitive styli can be used with iPhone’s finger-touch screen. The iPhone 3GS and later also feature a fingerprint-resistant oleophobic coating.<sup id=”cite_ref-105″ class=”reference”>[105]</sup></p>
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The top and side of an iPhone 5S, externally identical to the iPhone 5. From left to right, sides: wake/sleep button, silence switch, volume up, and volume down.</div>
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<p>The iPhone has a minimal hardware user interface, featuring five buttons. The only physical menu button is situated directly below the display, and is called the “Home button” because it closes the active app and navigates to the home screen of the interface. The home button is denoted not by a house, as on many other similar devices, but a rounded square, reminiscent of the shape of icons on the home screen. However, the Home button on iPhones with Apple’s fingerprint recognition feature Touch ID (which use the Home button as the fingerprint sensor) have no symbol. The iPhone X doesn’t have a Home button but instead Face ID, a facial recognition authentication method.<sup id=”cite_ref-106″ class=”reference”>[106]</sup></p>
<p>A multi-function sleep/wake button is located on the top of the device. It serves as the unit’s power button, and also controls phone calls. When a call is received, pressing the sleep/wake button once silences the ringtone, and when pressed twice transfers the call to voicemail. Situated on the left spine are the volume adjustment controls. The iPhone 4 has two separate circular buttons to increase and decrease the volume; all earlier models house two switches under a single plastic panel, known as a rocker switch, which could reasonably be counted as either one or two buttons.</p>
<p>Directly above the volume controls is a ring/silent switch that when engaged mutes telephone ringing, alert sounds from new & sent emails, text messages, and other push notifications, camera shutter sounds, Voice Memo sound effects, phone lock/unlock sounds, keyboard clicks, and spoken auto-corrections. This switch does not mute alarm sounds from the Clock application, and in some countries or regions it will not mute the camera shutter or Voice Memo sound effects.<sup id=”cite_ref-107″ class=”reference”>[107]</sup> All buttons except Home were made of plastic on the original first generation iPhone and metal on all later models. The touchscreen furnishes the remainder of the user interface.</p>
<p>A software update in January 2008<sup id=”cite_ref-Update_1.1.3_108-0″ class=”reference”>[108]</sup> allowed the first-generation iPhone to use cell tower and Wi-Fi network locations trilateration,<sup id=”cite_ref-109″ class=”reference”>[109]</sup> despite lacking GPS hardware. Since the iPhone 3G generation, the iPhone employs A-GPS operated by the United States. Since the iPhone 4S generation the device also supports the GLONASS global positioning system, which is operated by Russia.</p>
<p>The iPhone 6S and 6S Plus, introduced in 2015, feature “force-touch” displays which allows the screen to recognize how hard it is being pressed. An example of how this technology will be used is lightly pressing the screen to preview a photograph and pressing down to take it.</p>
<h3><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Sensors”>Sensors</span></h3>
<p>Latest iPhone devices feature nine sensors, which are used to adjust the screen based on operating conditions, enable motion-controlled games, and location-based services.</p>
<h4><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Proximity_sensor”>Proximity sensor</span></h4>
<p>A proximity sensor deactivates the display and touchscreen when the device is brought near the face during a call. This is done to save battery power and to prevent inadvertent inputs from the user’s face and ears.</p>
<h4><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Ambient_light_sensor”>Ambient light sensor</span></h4>
<p>An ambient light sensor adjusts the display brightness which saves battery power and prevents the screen from being too bright or too dark.</p>
<h4><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Accelerometer”>Accelerometer</span></h4>
<p>A 3-axis accelerometer senses the orientation of the phone and changes the screen accordingly, allowing the user to easily switch between portrait and landscape mode.<sup id=”cite_ref-110″ class=”reference”>[110]</sup> Photo browsing, web browsing, and music playing support both upright and left or right widescreen orientations.<sup id=”cite_ref-111″ class=”reference”>[111]</sup> Unlike the iPad, the iPhone does not rotate the screen when turned upside-down, with the Home button above the screen, unless the running program has been specifically designed to do so. The 3.0 update added landscape support for still other applications, such as email, and introduced shaking the unit as a form of input.<sup id=”cite_ref-3.0_official_112-0″ class=”reference”>[112]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-3.0_Macworld_113-0″ class=”reference”>[113]</sup> The accelerometer can also be used to control third-party apps, notably games. It is also used for fitness tracking purposes, primarily as a pedometer.</p>
<h4><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Magnetometer”>Magnetometer</span></h4>
<p>A magnetometer is built-in since the iPhone 3GS generation, which is used to measure the strength and/or direction of the magnetic field in the vicinity of the device. Sometimes certain devices or radio signals can interfere with the magnetometer requiring users to either move away from the interference or re-calibrate by moving the device in a figure 8 motion. Since the iPhone 3GS, the iPhone also features a Compass app which was unique at time of release, showing a compass that points in the direction of the magnetic field.</p>
<h4><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Gyroscopic_sensor”>Gyroscopic sensor</span></h4>
<p>Beginning with the iPhone 4 generation, Apple’s smartphones also include a gyroscopic sensor, enhancing its perception of how it is moved.</p>
<h4><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Radio”>Radio</span></h4>
<p>The iPhone contains a chip capable of receiving radio signals;<sup id=”cite_ref-114″ class=”reference”>[114]</sup> however, Apple has the FM radio feature switched off, claiming a lack of demand due to the popularity of music-streaming apps;<sup id=”cite_ref-115″ class=”reference”>[115]</sup> however, it has been noted that cellphone manufacturers make money from selling data.<sup id=”cite_ref-116″ class=”reference”>[116]</sup> A campaign called “Free Radio On My Phone” was started to encourage cellphone manufacturers such as Apple to enable the radio on the phones they manufacture, reasons cited were that radio drains less power and is useful in an emergency such as the 2016 Fort McMurray Wildfire.<sup id=”cite_ref-117″ class=”reference”>[117]</sup></p>
<h4><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Fingerprint_sensor”>Fingerprint sensor</span></h4>
<p>All iPhone models starting from iPhone 5S (excluding the iPhone 5C and iPhone X) feature Apple’s fingerprint recognition sensor known as Touch ID, and is located in the home button of the iPhone.</p>
<h4><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Barometer”>Barometer</span></h4>
<p>Included on the iPhone 6 and later (excluding the iPhone SE), a barometer used to determine air pressure, and elevation from the device.<sup id=”cite_ref-118″ class=”reference”>[118]</sup></p>
<h4><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Facial_recognition_sensor”>Facial recognition sensor</span></h4>
<p>The iPhone X features a facial recognition sensor, named Face ID. It can be used to unlock the iPhone and for purchases. It is also used for Animojis.</p>
<h3><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Audio_and_output”>Audio and output</span></h3>
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From left to right is the headphone jack, microphone, Lightning connector, and built-in speaker on the base of the iPhone 5S.</div>
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<p>On the bottom of the iPhone, there is a speaker to the left of the dock connector and a microphone to the right. There is an additional loudspeaker above the screen that serves as an earpiece during phone calls. The iPhone 4 includes an additional microphone at the top of the unit for noise cancellation, and switches the placement of the microphone and speaker on the base on the unit—the speaker is on the right.<sup id=”cite_ref-4_tech_specs_119-0″ class=”reference”>[119]</sup> Volume controls are located on the left side of all iPhone models and as a slider in the iPod application.</p>
<p>The 3.5mm TRRS connector for the headphones is located on the top left corner of the device for the first five generations (original through 4S), after which time it was moved to the bottom left corner.<sup id=”cite_ref-TRRS_120-0″ class=”reference”>[120]</sup> The headphone socket on the 1st-generation iPhone is recessed into the casing, making it incompatible with most headsets without the use of an adapter.<sup id=”cite_ref-CNET_original_iPhone_review_121-0″ class=”reference”>[121]</sup> Subsequent generations eliminated the problem by using a flush-mounted headphone socket. Cars equipped with an auxiliary jack allow handsfree use of the iPhone while driving as a substitute for Bluetooth. The iPhone 7 and later have no 3.5mm headphone jack,<sup id=”cite_ref-apple.com_122-0″ class=”reference”>[122]</sup> and instead headsets must connect to the iPhone by Bluetooth, use Apple’s Lightning port (which has replaced the 3.5mm headphone jack), or (for traditional headsets) use the Lightning to 3.5mm headphone jack adapter, which is included with all iPhone 7 and later units, and plugs into the Lightning port.</p>
<p>Apple’s own headset has a multipurpose button near the microphone that can play or pause music, skip tracks, and answer or end phone calls without touching the iPhone. Some third-party headsets designed for the iPhone also include the microphone and control button.<sup id=”cite_ref-Review:_iPhone_headsets_123-0″ class=”reference”>[123]</sup> The current headsets also provide volume controls, which are only compatible with more recent models.<sup id=”cite_ref-Earbuds_with_volume_124-0″ class=”reference”>[124]</sup> A fourth ring in the audio jack carries this extra information.</p>
<p>The built-in Bluetooth 2.x+EDR supports wireless earpieces and headphones, which requires the HSP profile. Stereo audio was added in the 3.0 update for hardware that supports A2DP.<sup id=”cite_ref-3.0_official_112-1″ class=”reference”>[112]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-3.0_Macworld_113-1″ class=”reference”>[113]</sup> While non-sanctioned third-party solutions exist, the iPhone does not officially support the OBEX file transfer protocol.<sup id=”cite_ref-125″ class=”reference”>[125]</sup> The lack of these profiles prevents iPhone users from exchanging multimedia files, such as pictures, music and videos, with other Bluetooth-enabled cell phones.</p>
<p>Composite<sup id=”cite_ref-126″ class=”reference”>[126]</sup> or component<sup id=”cite_ref-127″ class=”reference”>[127]</sup> video at up to 576i and stereo audio can be output from the dock connector using an adapter sold by Apple. IPhone 4 also supports 1024×768 VGA output<sup id=”cite_ref-128″ class=”reference”>[128]</sup> without audio, and HDMI output,<sup id=”cite_ref-129″ class=”reference”>[129]</sup> with stereo audio, via dock adapters. The iPhone did not support voice recording until the 3.0 software update.<sup id=”cite_ref-3.0_official_112-2″ class=”reference”>[112]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-3.0_Macworld_113-2″ class=”reference”>[113]</sup></p>
<h3><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Battery”>Battery</span></h3>
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Replacing the battery requires disassembling the iPhone unit and exposing the internal hardware</div>
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<p>The iPhone features an internal rechargeable lithium-ion battery. Like an iPod, but unlike most other mobile phones at the time of its launch, the battery is not user-replaceable.<sup id=”cite_ref-CNET_original_iPhone_review_121-1″ class=”reference”>[121]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-Mobile_Burn_review_130-0″ class=”reference”>[130]</sup> The iPhone can be charged when connected to a computer for syncing across the included USB to dock connector cable, similar to charging an iPod. Alternatively, a USB to AC adapter (or “wall charger,” also included) can be connected to the cable to charge directly from an AC outlet.</p>
<p>Apple runs tests on preproduction units to determine battery life. Apple’s website says that the battery life “is designed to retain up to 80% of its original capacity after 400 full charge and discharge cycles”,<sup id=”cite_ref-131″ class=”reference”>[131]</sup> which is comparable to iPod batteries.</p>
<p>The battery life of early models of the iPhone has been criticized by several technology journalists as insufficient and less than Apple’s claims.<sup id=”cite_ref-132″ class=”reference”>[132]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-133″ class=”reference”>[133]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-134″ class=”reference”>[134]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-135″ class=”reference”>[135]</sup> This is also reflected by a J. D. Power and Associates customer satisfaction survey, which gave the “battery aspects” of the iPhone 3G its lowest rating of 2 out of 5 stars.<sup id=”cite_ref-JD_Power_136-0″ class=”reference”>[136]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-137″ class=”reference”>[137]</sup></p>
<p>If the battery malfunctions or dies prematurely, the phone can be returned to Apple and replaced for free while still under warranty.<sup id=”cite_ref-138″ class=”reference”>[138]</sup> The warranty lasts one year from purchase and can be extended to two years with AppleCare. The battery replacement service and its pricing was not made known to buyers until the day the product was launched;<sup id=”cite_ref-LeeEllen_139-0″ class=”reference”>[139]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-140″ class=”reference”>[140]</sup> it is similar to how Apple (and third parties) replace batteries for iPods. The Foundation for Taxpayer and Consumer Rights, a consumer advocate group, has sent a complaint to Apple and AT&T over the fee that consumers have to pay to have the battery replaced.<sup id=”cite_ref-LeeEllen_139-1″ class=”reference”>[139]</sup></p>
<p>Since July 2007, third-party battery replacement kits have been available<sup id=”cite_ref-141″ class=”reference”>[141]</sup> at a much lower price than Apple’s own battery replacement program. These kits often include a small screwdriver and an instruction leaflet, but as with many newer iPod models the battery in the first generation iPhone has been soldered in. Therefore, a soldering iron is required to install the new battery. The iPhone 3G uses a different battery fitted with a connector that is easier to replace.<sup id=”cite_ref-3G_quasi-replaceable_battery_142-0″ class=”reference”>[142]</sup></p>
<p>A patent filed by the corporation, published in late July 2013, revealed the development of a new iPhone battery system that uses location data in combination with data on the user’s habits to moderate the handsets power settings accordingly. Apple is working towards a power management system that will provide features such as the ability to estimate the length of time a user will be away from a power source to modify energy usage and a detection function that adjusts the charging rate to best suit the type of power source that is being used.<sup id=”cite_ref-143″ class=”reference”>[143]</sup></p>
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The iPhone 4 is the first generation to have two cameras. The LED flash for the rear-facing camera (top) and the forward-facing camera (bottom) are available on the iPhone 4 and subsequent models.</div>
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<h3><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Camera”>Camera</span></h3>
<p>The 1st-generation iPhone and iPhone 3G have a fixed-focus 2.0-megapixel camera on the back for digital photos. It has no optical zoom, flash or autofocus, and does not natively support video recording. (iPhone (original) & 3G can record video via a third-party app available on the App Store, and jailbreaking also allows users to do so.) IPhone OS 2.0 introduced geotagging for photos.</p>
<p>The iPhone 3GS has a 3.2-megapixel camera with autofocus, auto white balance, and auto macro (up to 10 cm). Manufactured by OmniVision, the camera can also capture 640×480 (VGA resolution) video at 30 frames per second.<sup id=”cite_ref-144″ class=”reference”>[144]</sup> The video can be cropped on the iPhone and directly uploaded to YouTube or other services.</p>
<p>The iPhone 4 introduced a 5.0-megapixel camera (2592×1936 pixels) that can record video at 720p resolution, considered high-definition. It also has a backside-illuminated sensor that can capture pictures in low light and an LED flash that can stay lit while recording video.<sup id=”cite_ref-145″ class=”reference”>[145]</sup> It is the first iPhone that can natively do high dynamic range photography.<sup id=”cite_ref-146″ class=”reference”>[146]</sup> The iPhone 4 also has a second camera on the front that can take VGA photos and record SD video. Saved recordings may be synced to the host computer, attached to email, or (where supported) sent by MMS.</p>
<p>The iPhone 4S’ camera can shoot 8-MP stills and 1080p video, can be accessed directly from the lock screen, and can be triggered using the volume-up button as a shutter trigger. The built-in gyroscope can stabilize the image while recording video.</p>
<p>The iPhone 5 and iPhone 4S, running iOS 6 or later, can take panoramas using the built-in camera app,<sup id=”cite_ref-What.27s_New_in_iOS_6_147-0″ class=”reference”>[147]</sup> and the iPhone 5 can also take still photos while recording video.<sup id=”cite_ref-iPhone_5_Features_148-0″ class=”reference”>[148]</sup></p>
<p>The camera on the iPhone 5 reportedly shows purple haze when the light source is just out of frame,<sup id=”cite_ref-iPhone_5_Camera_Problem_149-0″ class=”reference”>[149]</sup> although Consumer Reports said it “is no more prone to purple hazing on photos shot into a bright light source than its predecessor or than several Android phones with fine cameras…”<sup id=”cite_ref-Our_tests_find_.27purple_haze.27_effect_isn.27t_limited_just_to_the_iPhone_5_150-0″ class=”reference”>[150]</sup></p>
<p>On all five model generations, the phone can be configured to bring up the camera app by quickly pressing the home key twice.<sup id=”cite_ref-derspiegel_151-0″ class=”reference”>[151]</sup> On all iPhones running iOS 5, it can also be accessed from the lock screen directly.</p>
<p>The iPhone 5S features True Tone Flash, which has two LED lights, white and amber, that will improve white balance and will be adjusted in 1,000 combinations.</p>
<p>The iPhone 6 and 6 Plus included phase detection autofocus, while the 6 Plus has Optical Image Stabilization. Both models can now shoot 1080p videos at 60 frames per second.</p>
<p>The iPhone 6S and 6S Plus are outfitted with 12 megapixel camera, with 4K HD video capability. It also updated its front camera to 5 megapixels, which is good for selfies. Just as well, the user may change the resolution between 4K and 1080p from Settings.</p>
<p>The iPhone 7 features OIS on its rear camera, a feature that was previously exclusive to the Plus models, and the 7 Plus is the first iPhone to feature dual-lens cameras (both 12 MP), and they both have a 7 MP front-facing camera. The second camera on the iPhone 7 Plus is a telephoto lens, which enables 2x optical zoom and up to 10x digital zoom. The rear cameras on the 7 and 7 Plus are both f/1.8 aperture.<sup id=”cite_ref-apple.com_122-1″ class=”reference”>[122]</sup></p>
<h3><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Storage”>Storage</span></h3>
<p>The iPhone was initially released with two options for internal storage size: 4 GB or 8 GB. On September 5, 2007, Apple discontinued the 4 GB models.<sup id=”cite_ref-152″ class=”reference”>[152]</sup> On February 5, 2008, Apple added a 16 GB model.<sup id=”cite_ref-153″ class=”reference”>[153]</sup> The iPhone 3G was available in 16 GB and 8 GB. The iPhone 3GS came in 16 GB and 32 GB variants and remained available in 8 GB until September 2012, more than three years after its launch. The iPhone 4 was available in 16 GB and 32 GB variants, as well as an 8 GB variant to be sold alongside the iPhone 4S at a reduced price point. The iPhone 4S was available in three sizes: 16 GB, 32 GB and 64 GB. The iPhone 5 and 5S were available in the same three sizes previously available to the iPhone 4S: 16 GB, 32 GB, and 64 GB. The lower-cost iPhone 5C model was initially available in 16 GB and 32 GB models; an 8 GB model was added later. The iPhone 6 and 6S are available in three sizes: 16 GB, 64 GB, and 128 GB. The iPhone SE is available in 16 GB and 64 GB variants. By the time the iPhone 7 and 7 Plus was released, Apple ditched the based model from 16 GB to 32 GB as the base storage. Both 7 & 7 Plus has a configuration of 32, 128, & 256 GB storage option. And Apple also doubled the storage on the iPhone 6S & 6S Plus in 2 configurations (32 GB & 128 GB), as well as the iPhone SE six months later.</p>
<h3><span class=”mw-headline” id=”SIM_card”>SIM card</span></h3>
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An iPhone 5S with the SIM slot open. The SIM ejector tool is still placed in the eject hole.</div>
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<p>GSM models of the iPhone use a SIM card to identify themselves to the GSM network. The SIM sits in a tray, which is inserted into a slot at the top of the device. The SIM tray can be ejected with a paper clip or the “SIM ejector tool” (a simple piece of die-cut sheet metal) included with the iPhone 3G and 3GS in the United States and with all models elsewhere in the world.<sup id=”cite_ref-154″ class=”reference”>[154]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-155″ class=”reference”>[155]</sup> Some iPhone models shipped with a SIM ejector tool which was fabricated from an alloy dubbed “Liquidmetal“.<sup id=”cite_ref-156″ class=”reference”>[156]</sup> In most countries, the iPhone is usually sold with a SIM lock, which prevents the iPhone from being used on a different mobile network.<sup id=”cite_ref-Carrier_unlocking_list_157-0″ class=”reference”>[157]</sup></p>
<p>The GSM iPhone 4 features a MicroSIM card that is located in a slot on the right side of the device.<sup id=”cite_ref-158″ class=”reference”>[158]</sup></p>
<p>The CDMA model of the iPhone 4, just the same as any other CDMA-only cell phone, does not use a SIM card or have a SIM card slot.</p>
<p>An iPhone 4S activated on a CDMA carrier, however, does have a SIM card slot but does not rely on a SIM card for activation on that CDMA network. A CDMA-activated iPhone 4S usually has a carrier-approved roaming SIM preloaded in its SIM slot at the time of purchase that is used for roaming on certain carrier-approved international GSM networks only. The SIM slot is locked to only use the roaming SIM card provided by the CDMA carrier.<sup id=”cite_ref-159″ class=”reference”>[159]</sup></p>
<p>In the case of Verizon, for example, one can request that the SIM slot be unlocked for international use by calling their support number and requesting an international unlock if their account has been in good standing for the past 60 days.<sup id=”cite_ref-160″ class=”reference”>[160]</sup> This method only unlocks the iPhone 4S for use on international carriers. An iPhone 4S that has been unlocked in this way will reject any non international SIM cards (AT&T Mobility or T-Mobile USA, for example).</p>
<p>The iPhone 5 and later iPhones use the nano-SIM, in order to save more space for internal components.</p>
<h3><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Liquid_contact_indicators”>Liquid contact indicators</span></h3>
<p>All iPhones (as well as many other devices by Apple) have a small disc at the bottom of the headphone jack that changes from white to red on contact with water; the iPhone 3G and later models also have a similar indicator at the bottom of the dock connector.<sup id=”cite_ref-161″ class=”reference”>[161]</sup> Because Apple warranties do not cover water damage, employees examine the indicators before approving warranty repair or replacement.</p>
<p>The iPhone’s indicators are more exposed than those in some mobile phones from other manufacturers, which carry them in a more protected location, such as beneath the battery behind a battery cover. These indicators can be triggered during routine use, by an owner’s sweat,<sup id=”cite_ref-162″ class=”reference”>[162]</sup> steam in a bathroom, and other light environmental moisture.<sup id=”cite_ref-163″ class=”reference”>[163]</sup> Criticism led Apple to change its water damage policy for iPhones and similar products, allowing customers to request further internal inspection of the phone to verify if internal liquid damage sensors were triggered.<sup id=”cite_ref-164″ class=”reference”>[164]</sup></p>
<h3><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Included_items”>Included items</span></h3>
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The contents of the box of an iPhone 4. From left to right: iPhone 4 in plastic holder, written documentation, and (top to bottom) headset, USB cable, wall charger.</div>
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<p>All iPhone models include written documentation, and a dock connector to USB cable. The first generation and 3G iPhones also came with a cleaning cloth. The first generation iPhone included a stereo headset (earbuds and a microphone) and a plastic dock to hold the unit upright while charging and syncing. The iPhone 3G includes a similar headset plus a SIM eject tool (the first generation model requires a paperclip). The iPhone 3GS includes the SIM eject tool and a revised headset, which adds volume buttons (not functional with previous iPhone versions).<sup id=”cite_ref-Earbuds_with_volume_124-1″ class=”reference”>[124]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-165″ class=”reference”>[165]</sup></p>
<p>The iPhone 3G and 3GS are compatible with the same dock, sold separately, but not the first generation model’s dock.<sup id=”cite_ref-166″ class=”reference”>[166]</sup> All versions include a USB power adapter, or “wall charger,” which allows the iPhone to charge from an AC outlet. The iPhone 3G and iPhone 3GS sold in North America, Japan, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru<sup id=”cite_ref-167″ class=”reference”>[167]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-168″ class=”reference”>[168]</sup> include an ultracompact USB power adapter.</p>
<h3><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Payments”>Payments</span></h3>
<div role=”note” class=”hatnote navigation-not-searchable”>Main article: Apple Pay</div>
<p>In September 2014, with the launch of the iPhone 6, Apple announced Apple Pay, a mobile payments system. The feature, aimed to “revolutionize” the way users pay, uses an NFC chip, Touch ID fingerprint scanner, Apple’s Wallet app, and a dedicated “Secure Element” chip for encrypted payment information to make purchases at participating stores, both physical and online.<sup id=”cite_ref-169″ class=”reference”>[169]</sup></p>
<h2><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Software”>Software</span></h2>
<div role=”note” class=”hatnote navigation-not-searchable”>Main articles: iOS and iOS version history</div>
<p>The iPhone runs an operating system known as iOS (formerly iPhone OS).<sup id=”cite_ref-170″ class=”reference”>[170]</sup> It is a variant of the same Darwin operating system core that is found in Mac OS X. Also included is the “Core Animation” software component from Mac OS X v10.5 Leopard. Together with the PowerVR hardware (and on the iPhone 3GS, OpenGL ES 2.0), it is responsible for the interface’s motion graphics. The iPhone comes with a set of bundled applications developed by Apple,<sup id=”cite_ref-171″ class=”reference”>[171]</sup> and supports downloading third-party applications through the App Store.<sup id=”cite_ref-172″ class=”reference”>[172]</sup></p>
<p>Apple provides free<sup id=”cite_ref-173″ class=”reference”>[173]</sup> updates to the operating system for the iPhone either wirelessly or through iTunes.<sup id=”cite_ref-174″ class=”reference”>[174]</sup> Major new updates have historically accompanied new models.<sup id=”cite_ref-175″ class=”reference”>[175]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-176″ class=”reference”>[176]</sup></p>
<p>The size of the operating system depends on version. While iOS 8 required over 4.5 GB, its successor required only 1.3 GB.<sup id=”cite_ref-177″ class=”reference”>[177]</sup></p>
<h3><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Interface”>Interface</span></h3>
<p>The interface is based around the home screen, a graphical list of available applications. iPhone applications normally run one at a time. Starting with the iPhone 4, a primitive version of multitasking came into play. Users could double click the home button to select recently opened applications.<sup id=”cite_ref-178″ class=”reference”>[178]</sup> However, the apps never ran in the background. Starting with iOS 7, though, apps can truly multitask, and each open application runs in the background when not in use, although most functionality is still available when making a call or listening to music. The home screen can be accessed at any time by a hardware button below the screen, closing the open application in the process.<sup id=”cite_ref-home_screen_179-0″ class=”reference”>[179]</sup></p>
<p>By default, the Home screen contains the following icons: Messages (SMS and MMS messaging), Calendar, Photos, Camera, YouTube, Stocks, Maps (Google Maps), Weather, Voice Memos, Notes, Clock, Calculator, Settings, iTunes (store), App Store, (on the iPhone 3GS and iPhone 4) Compass, FaceTime and GameCenter were added in iOS 4.0 and 4.1 respectively. In iOS 5, Reminders and Newsstand were added, as well as the iPod application split into separate Music and Videos applications. iOS 6 added Passbook as well as an updated version of Maps that relies on data provided by TomTom as well as other sources. iOS 6 also added a Clock application onto the iPad’s homescreen. YouTube no longer came as a pre-installed application. Docked at the base of the screen, four icons for Phone, Mail, Safari (Internet), and Music delineate the iPhone’s main purposes.<sup id=”cite_ref-180″ class=”reference”>[180]</sup> On January 15, 2008, Apple released software update 1.1.3, allowing users to create “Web Clips”, home screen icons that resemble apps that open a user-defined page in Safari. After the update, iPhone users can rearrange and place icons (by holding down on any icon and moving it to the desired location once they start shaking) on up to nine other adjacent home screens, accessed by a horizontal swipe.<sup id=”cite_ref-Update_1.1.3_108-1″ class=”reference”>[108]</sup></p>
<p>Users can also add and delete icons from the dock, which is the same on every home screen. Each home screen holds up to twenty icons for the first generation iPhone, 3G, 4 and 4S, while each home screen for iPhone 5 holds up to twenty-four icons due to a larger screen display, and the dock holds up to four icons. Users can delete Web Clips and third-party applications at any time, and may select only certain applications for transfer from iTunes. Apple’s default programs, could only be removed since the iOS 10 update. The 3.0 update adds a system-wide search, known as Spotlight, to the left of the first home screen.<sup id=”cite_ref-3.0_official_112-3″ class=”reference”>[112]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-3.0_Macworld_113-3″ class=”reference”>[113]</sup></p>
<p>Almost all input is given through the touch screen, which understands complex gestures using multi-touch. The iPhone’s interaction techniques enable the user to move the content up or down by a touch-drag motion of the finger. For example, zooming in and out of web pages and photos is done by placing two fingers on the screen and spreading them farther apart or bringing them closer together, a gesture known as “pinching“.</p>
<p>Scrolling through a long list or menu is achieved by sliding a finger over the display from bottom to top, or vice versa to go back. In either case, the list moves as if it is pasted on the outer surface of a wheel, slowly decelerating as if affected by friction. In this way, the interface simulates the physics of a real object. Unlike previous scrollable views, in which the user pressed a “down” control to move the view “downwards”, on iOS the user pushes <i>upwards</i>, as if moving a “plank of wood floating on the water”, creating the impression that the user is directly manipulating the content displayed on the screen.<sup id=”cite_ref-Siracusa_Frontier_181-0″ class=”reference”>[181]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-Apple.27s_Mousetrap_182-0″ class=”reference”>[182]</sup></p>
<p>Other user-centered interactive effects include horizontally sliding sub-selection, the vertically sliding keyboard and bookmarks menu, and widgets that turn around to allow settings to be configured on the other side. Menu bars are found at the top and bottom of the screen when necessary. Their options vary by program, but always follow a consistent style motif. In menu hierarchies, a “back” button in the top-left corner of the screen displays the name of the parent folder.</p>
<h3><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Phone”>Phone</span></h3>
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When making a call, the iPhone presents a number of options, including FaceTime on supported models. The screen is automatically disabled when held close to the face.</div>
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<p>The iPhone allows audio conferencing, call holding, call merging, caller ID, and integration with other cellular network features and iPhone functions. For example, if music is playing when a call is received, the music fades out, and fades back in when the call has ended.</p>
<p>The proximity sensor shuts off the screen and touch-sensitive circuitry when the iPhone is brought close to the face, both to save battery and prevent unintentional touches. The iPhone does not support video calling or videoconferencing on versions prior to the fourth generation, as there is only one camera on the opposite side of the screen.<sup id=”cite_ref-183″ class=”reference”>[183]</sup></p>
<p>The iPhone 4 supports video calling using either the front or back camera over Wi-Fi, a feature Apple calls FaceTime.<sup id=”cite_ref-184″ class=”reference”>[184]</sup> Voice control, introduced in the iPhone 3GS, allows users to say a contact’s name or number and the iPhone will dial it.<sup id=”cite_ref-Voice_Control_185-0″ class=”reference”>[185]</sup> The first two models only support voice dialing through third-party applications.<sup id=”cite_ref-186″ class=”reference”>[186]</sup></p>
<p>The iPhone includes a visual voicemail (in some countries)<sup id=”cite_ref-VV_abroad_187-0″ class=”reference”>[187]</sup> feature allowing users to view a list of current voicemail messages on-screen without having to call into their voicemail. Unlike most other systems, messages can be listened to and deleted in a non-chronological order by choosing any message from an on-screen list.</p>
<p>A music ringtone feature was introduced in the United States on September 5, 2007. Users can create custom ringtones from songs purchased from the iTunes Store for a small additional fee. The ringtones can be 3 to 30 seconds long from any part of a song, can fade in and out, pause from half a second to five seconds when looped, or loop continuously. All customizing can be done in iTunes,<sup id=”cite_ref-188″ class=”reference”>[188]</sup> or with Apple’s GarageBand software 4.1.1 or later (available only on Mac OS X)<sup id=”cite_ref-GarageBand1_189-0″ class=”reference”>[189]</sup> or third-party tools.<sup id=”cite_ref-third_party_ringtones_190-0″ class=”reference”>[190]</sup></p>
<p>With the release of iOS 6, which was released on September 19, 2012, Apple added features that enable the user to have options to decline a phone call when a person is calling them. The user can reply with a message, or to set a reminder to call them back at a later time.<sup id=”cite_ref-191″ class=”reference”>[191]</sup></p>
<h3><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Multimedia”>Multimedia</span></h3>
<p>The layout of the music library is similar to that of an iPod or current Symbian S60 phones. The iPhone can sort its media library by songs, artists, albums, videos, playlists, genres, composers, podcasts, audiobooks, and compilations. Options are always presented alphabetically, except in playlists, which retain their order from iTunes. The iPhone uses a large font that allows users plenty of room to touch their selection.</p>
<p>Users can rotate their device horizontally to landscape mode to access Cover Flow. Like on iTunes, this feature shows the different album covers in a scroll-through photo library. Scrolling is achieved by swiping a finger across the screen. Alternatively, headset controls can be used to pause, play, skip, and repeat tracks. On the iPhone 3GS, the volume can be changed with the included Apple Earphones, and the Voice Control feature can be used to identify a track, play songs in a playlist or by a specific artist, or create a Genius playlist.<sup id=”cite_ref-Voice_Control_185-1″ class=”reference”>[185]</sup></p>
<p>The iPhone supports gapless playback.<sup id=”cite_ref-192″ class=”reference”>[192]</sup> Like the fifth-generation iPods introduced in 2005, the iPhone can play digital video, allowing users to watch TV shows and movies in widescreen. Double-tapping switches between widescreen and fullscreen video playback.</p>
<p>The iPhone allows users to purchase and download songs from the iTunes Store directly to their iPhone. The feature originally required a Wi-Fi network, but now since 2012, can use the cellular data network if one is not available.<sup id=”cite_ref-193″ class=”reference”>[193]</sup></p>
<p>The iPhone includes software that allows the user to upload, view, and email photos taken with the camera. The user zooms in and out of photos by sliding two fingers further apart or closer together, much like Safari. The camera application also lets users view the camera roll, the pictures that have been taken with the iPhone’s camera. Those pictures are also available in the Photos application, along with any transferred from iPhoto or Aperture on a Mac, or Photoshop on a Windows PC.</p>
<h3><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Internet_connectivity”>Internet connectivity</span></h3>
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Wikipedia Main Page on the iPhone Safari web browser in landscape mode</div>
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<p>Internet access is available when the iPhone is connected to a local area Wi-Fi or a wide area GSM or EDGE network, both second-generation (2G) wireless data standards. The iPhone 3G introduced support for third-generation UMTS and HSDPA 3.6,<sup id=”cite_ref-194″ class=”reference”>[194]</sup> the iPhone 4S introduced support for HSUPA networks (14.4 Mbit/s), and support for HSDPA 7.2 was introduced in the iPhone 3GS.<sup id=”cite_ref-Macworld_3G_S_195-0″ class=”reference”>[195]</sup> Networks accessible from iPhone models include 1xRTT (represented by a 1x on the status bar) and GPRS (shown as GPRS on the status bar), EDGE (shown as a capital E on the status bar), UMTS and EV-DO (shown as 3G), a faster version of UMTS and 4G (shown as a 4G symbol on the status bar), and LTE (shown as LTE on the status bar).<sup id=”cite_ref-196″ class=”reference”>[196]</sup></p>
<p>AT&T introduced 3G in July 2004,<sup id=”cite_ref-197″ class=”reference”>[197]</sup> but as late as 2007, Steve Jobs stated that it was still not widespread enough in the US, and the chipsets not energy efficient enough, to be included in the iPhone.<sup id=”cite_ref-pogueFAQ_102-1″ class=”reference”>[102]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-198″ class=”reference”>[198]</sup> Support for 802.1X, an authentication system commonly used by university and corporate Wi-Fi networks, was added in the 2.0 version update.<sup id=”cite_ref-802.1x_199-0″ class=”reference”>[199]</sup></p>
<p>By default, the iPhone will ask to join newly discovered Wi-Fi networks and prompt for the password when required. Alternatively, it can join closed Wi-Fi networks manually.<sup id=”cite_ref-200″ class=”reference”>[200]</sup> The iPhone will automatically choose the strongest network, connecting to Wi-Fi instead of EDGE when it is available.<sup id=”cite_ref-201″ class=”reference”>[201]</sup> Similarly, the iPhone 3G and onwards prefer 3G to 2G, and Wi-Fi to either.<sup id=”cite_ref-3GSpeeds_202-0″ class=”reference”>[202]</sup></p>
<p>Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and 3G (on the iPhone 3G onwards) can all be deactivated individually. Airplane mode disables all wireless connections at once, overriding other preferences. However, once in Airplane mode, one can explicitly enable Wi-Fi and/or Bluetooth modes to join and continue to operate over one or both of those networks while the cellular network transceivers remain off.</p>
<p>The iPhone 3GS has a maximum download rate of 7.2 Mbit/s.<sup id=”cite_ref-203″ class=”reference”>[203]</sup> Furthermore, email attachments as well as apps and media from Apple’s various stores must be smaller than 20 MB to be downloaded over a cellular network.<sup id=”cite_ref-204″ class=”reference”>[204]</sup> Larger files, often email attachments or podcasts, must be downloaded over Wi-Fi (which has no file size limits). If Wi-Fi is unavailable, one workaround is to open the files directly in Safari.<sup id=”cite_ref-205″ class=”reference”>[205]</sup></p>
<p>Safari is the iPhone’s native web browser, and it displays pages similar to its Mac and Windows counterparts. Web pages may be viewed in portrait or landscape mode and the device supports automatic zooming by pinching together or spreading apart fingertips on the screen, or by double-tapping text or images.<sup id=”cite_ref-206″ class=”reference”>[206]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-207″ class=”reference”>[207]</sup> Safari does not allow file downloads except for predefined extensions. The iPhone does not support Flash.<sup id=”cite_ref-208″ class=”reference”>[208]</sup></p>
<p>Consequently, the UK’s Advertising Standards Authority adjudicated that an advertisement claiming the iPhone could access “all parts of the internet” should be withdrawn in its current form, on grounds of false advertising. In a rare public letter in April 2010, Apple CEO Steve Jobs outlined the reasoning behind the absence of Flash on the iPhone (and iPad).<sup id=”cite_ref-Thoughts_on_Flash_209-0″ class=”reference”>[209]</sup> The iPhone supports SVG, CSS, HTML Canvas, and Bonjour.<sup id=”cite_ref-210″ class=”reference”>[210]</sup></p>
<p>Google Chrome was introduced to the iOS on June 26, 2012. In a review by Chitika on July 18, 2012, they announced that the Google Chrome web browser has 1.5% of the iOS web browser market since its release.<sup id=”cite_ref-211″ class=”reference”>[211]</sup></p>
<p>The Maps application can access Google Maps in map, satellite, or hybrid form. It can also generate directions between two locations, while providing optional real-time traffic information. During the iPhone’s announcement, Jobs demonstrated this feature by searching for nearby Starbucks locations and then placing a prank call to one with a single tap.<sup id=”cite_ref-keynoteMacworld_212-0″ class=”reference”>[212]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-213″ class=”reference”>[213]</sup> Support for walking directions, public transit, and street view was added in the version 2.2 software update, but no voice-guided navigation.<sup id=”cite_ref-2.2_214-0″ class=”reference”>[214]</sup></p>
<p>The iPhone 3GS and iPhone 4 can orient the map with its digital compass.<sup id=”cite_ref-Compass_215-0″ class=”reference”>[215]</sup> Apple also developed a separate application to view YouTube videos on the iPhone, which streams videos after encoding them using the H.264 codec. Simple weather and stock quotes applications also tap into the Internet.</p>
<p>IPhone users can and do access the Internet frequently, and in a variety of places. According to Google, in 2008, the iPhone generated 50 times more search requests than any other mobile handset.<sup id=”cite_ref-GoogleSearches_216-0″ class=”reference”>[216]</sup> According to Deutsche Telekom CEO René Obermann, “The average Internet usage for an iPhone customer is more than 100 megabytes. This is 30 times the use for our average contract-based consumer customers.”<sup id=”cite_ref-iPhoneDataBoom_217-0″ class=”reference”>[217]</sup> Nielsen found that 98% of iPhone users use data services, and 88% use the internet.<sup id=”cite_ref-Nielsen_demographics_32-2″ class=”reference”>[32]</sup> In China, the iPhone 3G and iPhone 3GS were built and distributed without Wi-Fi.<sup id=”cite_ref-Wired_218-0″ class=”reference”>[218]</sup></p>
<p>With the introduction of the Verizon iPhone in January 2011, the issue of using internet while on the phone was brought to the public’s attention. Under the two US carriers, internet and phone could be used simultaneously on AT&T networks, whereas Verizon networks only support the use of each separately.<sup id=”cite_ref-TUAW_219-0″ class=”reference”>[219]</sup></p>
<p>However, in 2014, Verizon announced that the iPhone 6 and 6 Plus would allow simultaneous voice and data over its LTE Network.<sup class=”noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact” style=”white-space:nowrap;”>[<i><span title=”This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2014)”>citation needed</span></i>]</sup> T-Mobile and Sprint have enabled calls over Wi-Fi, with Verizon and AT&T soon doing the same.<sup id=”cite_ref-Techlicious_220-0″ class=”reference”>[220]</sup></p>
<h3><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Text_input”>Text input</span></h3>
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The virtual keyboard on the first generation iPhone touchscreen</div>
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<p>For text input, the iPhone implements a virtual keyboard on the touchscreen. It has automatic spell checking and correction, predictive word capabilities, and a dynamic dictionary that learns new words. The keyboard can predict what word the user is typing and complete it, and correct for the accidental pressing of keys near the presumed desired key.<sup id=”cite_ref-hasAKeyboard_221-0″ class=”reference”>[221]</sup></p>
<p>The keys are somewhat larger and spaced farther apart when in landscape mode, which is supported by only a limited number of applications. Touching a section of text for a brief time brings up a magnifying glass, allowing users to place the cursor in the middle of existing text. The virtual keyboard can accommodate 21 languages, including character recognition for Chinese.<sup id=”cite_ref-Keyboard_222-0″ class=”reference”>[222]</sup></p>
<p>Alternative characters with accents (for example, letters from the alphabets of other languages) and emoji can be typed from the keyboard by pressing the letter for 2 seconds and selecting the alternative character from the popup.<sup id=”cite_ref-KeyboardAlternateLetters_223-0″ class=”reference”>[223]</sup> The 3.0 update brought support for cut, copy, or pasting text, as well as landscape keyboards in more applications.<sup id=”cite_ref-3.0_official_112-4″ class=”reference”>[112]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-3.0_Macworld_113-4″ class=”reference”>[113]</sup> On iPhone 4S and above, Siri allows dictation.</p>
<h3><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Email_and_text_messages”>Email and text messages</span></h3>
<p>The iPhone also features an email program that supports HTML email, which enables the user to embed photos in an email message. PDF, Word, Excel, and PowerPoint attachments to mail messages can be viewed on the phone.<sup id=”cite_ref-autogenerated2_224-0″ class=”reference”>[224]</sup> Yahoo! offers a free push-email service for the iPhone. IMAP (although not Push-IMAP) and POP3 mail standards are also supported, including Microsoft Exchange<sup id=”cite_ref-225″ class=”reference”>[225]</sup> and Kerio Connect.<sup id=”cite_ref-226″ class=”reference”>[226]</sup></p>
<p>In the first versions of the iPhone firmware, this was accomplished by opening up IMAP on the Exchange server. Apple has also licensed Microsoft ActiveSync and supports the platform (including push email) with the release of iPhone 2.0 firmware.<sup id=”cite_ref-227″ class=”reference”>[227]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-releasedate_228-0″ class=”reference”>[228]</sup> The iPhone will sync email account settings over from Apple’s own Mail application, Microsoft Outlook, and Microsoft Entourage, or it can be manually configured on the device itself. The email program can access almost any IMAP or POP3 account.<sup id=”cite_ref-229″ class=”reference”>[229]</sup></p>
<p>Text messages are presented chronologically in a mailbox format similar to Mail, which places all text from recipients together with replies. Text messages are displayed in speech bubbles (similar to iChat) under each recipient’s name. The iPhone has built-in support for email message forwarding, drafts, and direct internal camera-to-email picture sending. Support for multi-recipient SMS was added in the 1.1.3 software update.<sup id=”cite_ref-1.1.3_230-0″ class=”reference”>[230]</sup> Support for MMS was added in the 3.0 update, but not for the original first generation iPhone<sup id=”cite_ref-3.0_official_112-5″ class=”reference”>[112]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-3.0_Macworld_113-5″ class=”reference”>[113]</sup> and not in the US until September 25, 2009.<sup id=”cite_ref-AT.26T_MMS_tethering_231-0″ class=”reference”>[231]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-ComputerATT_232-0″ class=”reference”>[232]</sup></p>
<h3><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Third-party_applications”>Third-party applications</span></h3>
<div role=”note” class=”hatnote navigation-not-searchable”>See also: iOS SDK and App Store</div>
<p>At WWDC 2007 on June 11, 2007, Apple announced that the iPhone would support third-party web applications using Ajax that share the look and feel of the iPhone interface.<sup id=”cite_ref-Web_apps_233-0″ class=”reference”>[233]</sup> On October 17, 2007, Steve Jobs, in an open letter posted to Apple’s “Hot News” weblog, announced that a software development kit (SDK) would be made available to third-party developers in February 2008. The iPhone SDK was officially announced and released on March 6, 2008, at the Apple Town Hall facility.<sup id=”cite_ref-234″ class=”reference”>[234]</sup></p>
<p>It is a free download, with an Apple registration, that allows developers to develop native applications for the iPhone and iPod Touch, then test them in an “iPhone simulator”. However, loading an application onto a real device is only possible after paying an Apple Developer Connection membership fee. Developers are free to set any price for their applications to be distributed through the App Store, of which they will receive a 70% share.<sup id=”cite_ref-235″ class=”reference”>[235]</sup></p>
<p>Developers can also opt to release the application for free and will not pay any costs to release or distribute the application beyond the membership fee. The App Store was launched with the release of iOS 2.0, on July 11, 2008.<sup id=”cite_ref-releasedate_228-1″ class=”reference”>[228]</sup> The update was free for iPhone users; owners of older iPod Touches were required to pay US$10 for it.<sup id=”cite_ref-236″ class=”reference”>[236]</sup></p>
<p>Once a developer has submitted an application to the App Store, Apple holds firm control over its distribution. Apple can halt the distribution of applications it deems inappropriate, for example, I Am Rich, a US$1000 program that simply demonstrated the wealth of its user.<sup id=”cite_ref-wsj_article_237-0″ class=”reference”>[237]</sup> Apple has been criticized for banning third-party applications that enable a functionality that Apple does not want the iPhone to have: In 2008, Apple rejected Podcaster, which allowed iPhone users to download podcasts directly to the iPhone claiming it duplicated the functionality of iTunes.<sup id=”cite_ref-238″ class=”reference”>[238]</sup> Apple has since released a software update that grants this capability.<sup id=”cite_ref-2.2_214-1″ class=”reference”>[214]</sup></p>
<p>NetShare, another rejected app, would have enabled users to tether their iPhone to a laptop or desktop, using its cellular network to load data for the computer.<sup id=”cite_ref-Banned_apps_239-0″ class=”reference”>[239]</sup> Many carriers of the iPhone later globally allowed tethering before Apple officially supported it with the upgrade to the iOS 3.0, with AT&T Mobility being a relative latecomer in the United States.<sup id=”cite_ref-240″ class=”reference”>[240]</sup> In most cases, the carrier charges extra for tethering an iPhone.</p>
<p>Before the SDK was released, third parties were permitted to design “Web Apps” that would run through Safari.<sup id=”cite_ref-241″ class=”reference”>[241]</sup> Unsigned native applications are also available for “jailbroken” phones.<sup id=”cite_ref-242″ class=”reference”>[242]</sup> The ability to install native applications onto the iPhone outside of the App Store is not supported by Apple, the stated reason being that such native applications could be broken by any software update, but Apple has stated it will not design software updates specifically to break native applications other than those that perform SIM unlocking.<sup id=”cite_ref-243″ class=”reference”>[243]</sup></p>
<p>As of October 2013<sup class=”plainlinks noprint asof-tag update” style=”display:none;”>[update]</sup>, Apple has passed 60 billion app downloads.<sup id=”cite_ref-244″ class=”reference”>[244]</sup> As of September 2016<sup class=”plainlinks noprint asof-tag update” style=”display:none;”>[update]</sup>, there have been over 140 billion app downloads from the App Store.<sup id=”cite_ref-245″ class=”reference”>[245]</sup></p>
<p>As of January 2017<sup class=”plainlinks noprint asof-tag update” style=”display:none;”>[update]</sup>, the App Store has over 2.2 million apps for the iPhone.<sup id=”cite_ref-246″ class=”reference”>[246]</sup></p>
<h2><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Reception”>Reception</span></h2>
<p>The original iPhone has been described as “revolutionary”,<sup id=”cite_ref-247″ class=”reference”>[247]</sup> a “game-changer” for the mobile phone industry,<sup id=”cite_ref-248″ class=”reference”>[248]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-249″ class=”reference”>[249]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-250″ class=”reference”>[250]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-251″ class=”reference”>[251]</sup> and has been credited with helping to make Apple one of the world’s most valuable publicly traded companies by 2011.<sup id=”cite_ref-252″ class=”reference”>[252]</sup> Newer iterations have also received praise, such as being called “the best phone”.<sup id=”cite_ref-253″ class=”reference”>[253]</sup></p>
<p>The iPhone attracts users of all ages,<sup id=”cite_ref-Nielsen_demographics_32-3″ class=”reference”>[32]</sup> and besides consumer use, the iPhone has also been adopted for business purposes.<sup id=”cite_ref-254″ class=”reference”>[254]</sup></p>
<h2><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Accessibility_features”>Accessibility features</span></h2>
<p>Starting with the iPhone 4S, Apple added an accessibility feature to optimize the function of the iPhone with hearing aids.<sup id=”cite_ref-255″ class=”reference”>[255]</sup> Apple released a program of Made for iPhone Hearing Aids.<sup id=”cite_ref-256″ class=”reference”>[256]</sup> These hearing aids deliver a power-efficient, high-quality digital audio experience and allow the user to manage the hearing aid right from your iPhone. Made for iPhone hearing aids also feature Live Listen. With Live Listen the iPhone acts as a remote microphone that sends sound to a Made for iPhone hearing aid. Live Listen can help the user hear a conversation in a noisy room or hear someone speaking across the room.<sup id=”cite_ref-257″ class=”reference”>[257]</sup></p>
<p>The Braille Displays for iOS program was announced by Apple coinciding with the release of the iPhone 3GS, iPad and iPod Touch (3rd Generation). This program added support for more than 50 Bluetooth wireless braille displays that work with iOS out of the box. The user only needs to pair the keyboard to the device to start using it to navigate the iOS device with VoiceOver without any additional software. iOS supports braille tables for more than 25 languages.<sup id=”cite_ref-258″ class=”reference”>[258]</sup></p>
<p>IPhone lets the user know when an alert is sent to the it, in a variety of notice methods. It delivers both visual and vibrating alerts for incoming phone and FaceTime calls, new text messages, new and sent mail, and calendar events. You can set an LED light flash for incoming calls and alerts. Or have incoming calls display a photo of the caller. Users can choose from different vibration patterns or even create their own.<sup id=”cite_ref-Accessibility_-_iOS_-_Apple_259-0″ class=”reference”>[259]</sup></p>
<p>The iPhone can enlarge text to make it more accessible for vision-impaired users,<sup id=”cite_ref-access_vision_260-0″ class=”reference”>[260]</sup> and can accommodate hearing-impaired users with closed captioning and external TTY devices.<sup id=”cite_ref-access_hearing_261-0″ class=”reference”>[261]</sup> The iPhone 3GS also features white on black mode, VoiceOver (a screen reader), and zooming for impaired vision, and mono audio for limited hearing in one ear.<sup id=”cite_ref-262″ class=”reference”>[262]</sup> Apple regularly publishes Voluntary Product Accessibility Templates which explicitly state compliance with the US regulation “Section 508“.<sup id=”cite_ref-263″ class=”reference”>[263]</sup></p>
<p>With the release of the newer iOS 9 for all iPhones, users now have the ability to choose between 2 different screen view options. The user can choose to have a standard view or zoomed view. When the iPhone is placed in a standard view setting, the icons are normal size and the text remains the same. With a zoomed view option, the icons on the screen and the text become slightly larger. This enables the user to have a more customized appearance and it can potentially help some users read the screen easier.</p>
<p>AssistiveTouch helps to adapt the Multi-Touch screen of an iOS device to your unique physical needs. This can be of great assistance to those who have difficulty with some gestures, like pinch, one can make them accessible with just a tap of a finger. The user can create their own gestures and customize the layout of the AssistiveTouch menu. If the user has trouble pressing the Home button, it can be set so that it can be activated with an onscreen tap. Gestures like rotate and shake are available even when if the iOS device is mounted on a wheelchair.<sup id=”cite_ref-Accessibility_-_iOS_-_Apple_259-1″ class=”reference”>[259]</sup></p>
<p>Guided Access helps people with autism or other attention and sensory challenges stay focused on the task (or app) at hand. With Guided Access, a parent, teacher, or therapist can limit an iOS device to stay on one app by disabling the Home button, and limit the amount of time spent in an app. The user can even restrict access to the keyboard or touch input on certain areas of the screen. So wandering taps and gestures won’t distract from learning.<sup id=”cite_ref-Accessibility_-_iOS_-_Apple_259-2″ class=”reference”>[259]</sup></p>
<h2><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Models”>Models</span></h2>
<div role=”note” class=”hatnote navigation-not-searchable”>See also: iPhone model comparison</div>
<p>18 different iPhone models have been produced. The models in <b>bold</b> are the current flagship devices of the series:</p>
<div>
<table class=”multicol” role=”presentation” style=”border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; border: 0; background:transparent; width:100%;”>
<tbody><tr>
<td style=”text-align: left; vertical-align: top;”>
- iPhone (2007–2008)
- iPhone 3G (2008–2010)
- iPhone 3GS (2009–2012)
- iPhone 4 (2010–2013)
- iPhone 4S (2011–2014)
- iPhone 5 (2012–2013)
- iPhone 5C (2013–2015)
- iPhone 5S (2013–2016)
- iPhone 6 (2014–2016)
- iPhone 6 Plus (2014–2016)
</td>
<td style=”text-align: left; vertical-align: top;”>
- iPhone 6S (2015–present)
- iPhone 6S Plus (2015–present)
- iPhone SE (2016–present)
- iPhone 7 (2016–present)
- iPhone 7 Plus (2016–present)
- <b>iPhone 8</b> (2017–present)
- <b>iPhone 8 Plus</b> (2017–present)
- <b>iPhone X</b> (2017–present)
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style=”overflow:auto; padding:3px; text-align:left; max-width:1000px;”>
<div class=”timeline-wrapper”><map name=”timeline_4ed21eecc9189378fe7ddc6f4d75a371″>
<area shape=”rect” href=”/wiki/IPhone_X” coords=”857,806,938,826″ title=”IPhone X” alt=”IPhone X”>
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<area shape=”rect” href=”/wiki/IPhone_6″ coords=”597,395,706,416″ title=”IPhone 6″ alt=”IPhone 6″>
<area shape=”rect” href=”/wiki/IPhone_6″ coords=”597,337,678,357″ title=”IPhone 6″ alt=”IPhone 6″>
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<area shape=”rect” href=”/wiki/IPhone_3G” coords=”83,63,169,84″ title=”IPhone 3G” alt=”IPhone 3G”>
<area shape=”rect” href=”/wiki/IPhone_(1st_generation)” coords=”-2,5,66,25″ title=”IPhone (1st generation)” alt=”IPhone (1st generation)”></map></div>
</div>
<div style=”text-align:center;font-size:88%;font-style:italic;clear:left;max-width:1000px;”>Sources: Apple press release library<sup id=”cite_ref-ApplePRlib_264-0″ class=”reference”>[264]</sup></div>
<p><br></p>
<h2><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Intellectual_property”>Intellectual property</span></h2>
<p>Apple has filed more than 200 patent applications related to the technology behind the iPhone.<sup id=”cite_ref-265″ class=”reference”>[265]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-266″ class=”reference”>[266]</sup></p>
<p>LG Electronics claimed the design of the iPhone was copied from the LG Prada. Woo-Young Kwak, head of LG Mobile Handset R&D Center, said at a press conference: “we consider that Apple copied Prada phone after the design was unveiled when it was presented in the iF Design Award and won the prize in September 2006.”<sup id=”cite_ref-am_267-0″ class=”reference”>[267]</sup></p>
<p>On September 3, 1993, Infogear filed for the US trademark “I PHONE”<sup id=”cite_ref-IPhoneReg96_268-0″ class=”reference”>[268]</sup> and on March 20, 1996, applied for the trademark “IPhone”.<sup id=”cite_ref-CiscoSuesAppleOver_269-0″ class=”reference”>[269]</sup> “I Phone” was registered in March 1998,<sup id=”cite_ref-IPhoneReg96_268-1″ class=”reference”>[268]</sup> and “IPhone” was registered in 1999.<sup id=”cite_ref-CiscoSuesAppleOver_269-1″ class=”reference”>[269]</sup> Since then, the I PHONE mark had been abandoned.<sup id=”cite_ref-IPhoneReg96_268-2″ class=”reference”>[268]</sup> Infogear trademarks cover “communications terminals comprising computer hardware and software providing integrated telephone, data communications and personal computer functions” (1993 filing),<sup id=”cite_ref-IPhoneReg96_268-3″ class=”reference”>[268]</sup> and “computer hardware and software for providing integrated telephone communication with computerized global information networks” (1996 filing).<sup id=”cite_ref-270″ class=”reference”>[270]</sup></p>
<p>Infogear released a telephone with an integrated web browser under the name iPhone in 1998.<sup id=”cite_ref-InfoGearUpgradesPhone_271-0″ class=”reference”>[271]</sup> In 2000, Infogear won an infringement claim against the owners of the iphones.com domain name.<sup id=”cite_ref-InfogearTechnologyV_272-0″ class=”reference”>[272]</sup> In June 2000, Cisco Systems acquired Infogear, including the iPhone trademark.<sup id=”cite_ref-CiscoFacesiPhone_273-0″ class=”reference”>[273]</sup> On December 18, 2006, they released a range of re-branded Voice over IP (VoIP) sets under the name iPhone.<sup id=”cite_ref-274″ class=”reference”>[274]</sup></p>
<p>In October 2002, Apple applied for the “iPhone” trademark in the United Kingdom, Australia, Singapore, and the European Union. A Canadian application followed in October 2004, and a New Zealand application in September 2006. As of October 2006, only the Singapore and Australian applications had been granted.</p>
<p>In September 2006, a company called Ocean Telecom Services applied for an “iPhone” trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and Hong Kong, following a filing in Trinidad and Tobago.<sup id=”cite_ref-275″ class=”reference”>[275]</sup> As the Ocean Telecom trademark applications use exactly the same wording as the New Zealand application of Apple, it is assumed that Ocean Telecom is applying on behalf of Apple.<sup id=”cite_ref-276″ class=”reference”>[276]</sup> The Canadian application was opposed in August 2005, by a Canadian company called Comwave who themselves applied for the trademark three months later. Comwave has been selling VoIP devices called iPhone since 2004.<sup id=”cite_ref-CiscoFacesiPhone_273-1″ class=”reference”>[273]</sup></p>
<p>Shortly after Steve Jobs’ January 9, 2007 announcement that Apple would be selling a product called iPhone in June 2007, Cisco issued a statement that it had been negotiating trademark licensing with Apple and expected Apple to agree to the final documents that had been submitted the night before.<sup id=”cite_ref-AppleHelloiPhone_277-0″ class=”reference”>[277]</sup> On January 10, 2007, Cisco announced it had filed a lawsuit against Apple over the infringement of the trademark iPhone, seeking an injunction in federal court to prohibit Apple from using the name.<sup id=”cite_ref-CiscoTrademark_278-0″ class=”reference”>[278]</sup> In February 2007, Cisco claimed that the trademark lawsuit was a “minor skirmish” that was not about money, but about interoperability.<sup id=”cite_ref-279″ class=”reference”>[279]</sup></p>
<p>On February 2, 2007, Apple and Cisco announced that they had agreed to temporarily suspend litigation while they held settlement talks,<sup id=”cite_ref-280″ class=”reference”>[280]</sup> and subsequently announced on February 20, 2007, that they had reached an agreement. Both companies will be allowed to use the “iPhone” name<sup id=”cite_ref-281″ class=”reference”>[281]</sup> in exchange for “exploring interoperability” between their security, consumer, and business communications products.<sup id=”cite_ref-282″ class=”reference”>[282]</sup></p>
<p>The iPhone has also inspired several leading high-tech clones,<sup id=”cite_ref-283″ class=”reference”>[283]</sup> driving both the popularity of Apple and consumer willingness to upgrade iPhones quickly.<sup id=”cite_ref-cad_284-0″ class=”reference”>[284]</sup></p>
<p>On October 22, 2009, Nokia filed a lawsuit against Apple for infringement of its GSM, UMTS and WLAN patents. Nokia alleges that Apple has been violating ten Nokia patents since the iPhone initial release.<sup id=”cite_ref-nokia-lawsuit_285-0″ class=”reference”>[285]</sup></p>
<p>In December 2010, Reuters reported that some iPhone and iPad users were suing Apple Inc. because some applications were passing user information to third-party advertisers without permission. Some makers of the applications such as Textplus4, Paper Toss, The Weather Channel, Dictionary.com, Talking Tom Cat and Pumpkin Maker have also been named as co-defendants in the lawsuit.<sup id=”cite_ref-Thomson_Reuters_286-0″ class=”reference”>[286]</sup></p>
<p>In August 2012, Apple won a smartphone patent lawsuit in the U.S. against Samsung, the world’s largest maker of smartphones;<sup id=”cite_ref-287″ class=”reference”>[287]</sup> however, on December 6, 2016, SCOTUS reversed the decision that awarded nearly $400 million to Apple and returned the case to Federal Circuit court to define the appropriate legal standard to define “article of manufacture” because it is not the smartphone itself but could be just the case and screen to which the design patents relate.<sup id=”cite_ref-288″ class=”reference”>[288]</sup></p>
<p>In March 2013, an Apple patent for a wraparound display was revealed.<sup id=”cite_ref-289″ class=”reference”>[289]</sup></p>
<h2><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Secret_tracking”>Secret tracking</span></h2>
<p>Since April 20, 2011, a hidden unencrypted file on the iPhone and other iOS devices has been widely discussed in the media.<sup id=”cite_ref-290″ class=”reference”>[290]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-Wired1_291-0″ class=”reference”>[291]</sup> It was alleged that the file, labeled “consolidated.db”, constantly stores the iPhone user’s movement by approximating geographic locations calculated by triangulating nearby cell phone towers, a technology proven to be inaccurate at times.<sup id=”cite_ref-O.27Reilly_292-0″ class=”reference”>[292]</sup> The file was released with the June 2010 update of Apple iOS4 and may contain almost a year’s worth of data. Previous versions of iOS stored similar information in a file called “h-cells.plist”.<sup id=”cite_ref-293″ class=”reference”>[293]</sup></p>
<p>F-Secure discovered that the data is transmitted to Apple twice a day and postulate that Apple is using the information to construct their global location database similar to the ones constructed by Google and Skyhook through wardriving.<sup id=”cite_ref-294″ class=”reference”>[294]</sup> Nevertheless, unlike the Google “Latitude” application, which performs a similar task on Android phones, the file is not dependent upon signing a specific EULA or even the user’s knowledge, but it is stated in the 15,200 word-long terms and conditions of the iPhone that “Apple and [their] partners and licensees may collect, use, and share precise location data, including the real-time geographic location of [the user’s] Apple computer or device”.<sup id=”cite_ref-295″ class=”reference”>[295]</sup></p>
<p>The file is also automatically copied onto the user’s computer once synchronized with the iPhone. An open source application named “iPhoneTracker”, which turns the data stored in the file into a visual map, was made available to the public in April 2011.<sup id=”cite_ref-GitHub_296-0″ class=”reference”>[296]</sup> While the file cannot be erased without jailbreaking the phone, it can be encrypted.<sup id=”cite_ref-Time_297-0″ class=”reference”>[297]</sup></p>
<p>Apple gave an official response on their web site on April 27, 2011,<sup id=”cite_ref-Apple-location-FAQ_298-0″ class=”reference”>[298]</sup> after questions were submitted by users, the Associated Press and others. Apple clarified that the data is a small portion of their crowd-sourced location database cache of Wi-Fi hotspots and cell towers which is downloaded from Apple into the iPhone for making location services faster than with only GPS, therefore the data does not represent the locations of the iPhone. The volume of data retained was an error. Apple issued an update for iOS (version 4.3.3, or 4.2.8 for the CDMA iPhone 4) which reduced the size of the cache, stopped it being backed up to iTunes, and erased it entirely whenever location services were turned off.<sup id=”cite_ref-Apple-location-FAQ_298-1″ class=”reference”>[298]</sup> The upload to Apple can also be selectively disabled from “System services”, “Cell Network Search.” Regardless, in July 2014, a report on state-owned China Central Television labeled the iPhone a “national security concern.”<sup id=”cite_ref-iPhoneChina_299-0″ class=”reference”>[299]</sup></p>
<p>A feature that can be found under “location services” in the settings of the iPhone has also been found to be secretly tracking the user’s information. This feature is called “frequent locations” and it can either be kept on or turned off. This feature is said to help the accuracy of the GPS and Apple Maps since it can log information about the locations the user has frequently visited. However, this feature also keeps track of the number of times that the user has been to that location, the dates, and the exact times. A lot of people have found this feature to be intrusive of their personal lives and have since then had an option to keep it on or shut it off.<sup id=”cite_ref-300″ class=”reference”>[300]</sup></p>
<h2><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Encryption_and_intelligence_agency_access”>Encryption and intelligence agency access</span></h2>
<p>It was revealed as a part of the 2013 mass surveillance disclosures that the American and British intelligence agencies, the National Security Agency (NSA) and the Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) have access to the user data in iPhones, BlackBerrys, and Android phones, respectively. They can read almost all smartphone information, including SMS, location, emails, and notes.<sup id=”cite_ref-spiegel20130907_301-0″ class=”reference”>[301]</sup></p>
<p>According to an article in <i>The New York Times</i> titled “Signaling Post-Snowden Era, New iPhone Locks Out N.S.A.”, Apple has developed a new encryption method for iOS 8, described as “so deep that Apple could no longer comply with government warrants asking for customer information to be extracted from devices.”<sup id=”cite_ref-postsnowden_302-0″ class=”reference”>[302]</sup></p>
<p>Throughout 2015, prosecutors in the United States argued for the U.S. government to be able to compel decryption of iPhone contents.<sup id=”cite_ref-303″ class=”reference”>[303]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-304″ class=”reference”>[304]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-305″ class=”reference”>[305]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-306″ class=”reference”>[306]</sup> After the 2015 San Bernardino attack, the FBI recovered an iPhone 5C that was issued to one of the shooters by his employer, and iCloud backups of that phone from a month and a half before the shooting. (The shooters had destroyed their personal phones.) The U.S. government attempted to use the arcane and outdated All Writs Act to obtain a court order ordering Apple to produce an IPSW file that would allow investigators to brute force the passcode of the iPhone, which would equate to modernized slavery.<sup id=”cite_ref-307″ class=”reference”>[307]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-308″ class=”reference”>[308]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-309″ class=”reference”>[309]</sup> Tim Cook responded on the company’s website, outlining a need for encryption, arguing that if they produce a backdoor for one device, it would inevitably be used to compromise the privacy of other iPhone users.<sup id=”cite_ref-310″ class=”reference”>[310]</sup> On February 19, Apple communicated to journalists that the password for the Apple ID for the iPhone had been changed within a day of the government obtaining it, preventing Apple from producing a workaround that would only target older devices.<sup id=”cite_ref-311″ class=”reference”>[311]</sup> <i>See</i> FBI–Apple encryption dispute.</p>
<p>As of April 2016, Apple’s Privacy Policy addresses requests from government agencies for access to customers’ data: “Apple has never worked with any government agency from any country to create a “backdoor” in any of our products or services. We have also never allowed any government access to our servers. And we never will.”<sup id=”cite_ref-312″ class=”reference”>[312]</sup> In 2015 the Electronic Frontier Foundation awarded Apple 5 out of 5 stars “commend[ing] Apple for its strong stance regarding user rights, transparency, and privacy.”<sup id=”cite_ref-313″ class=”reference”>[313]</sup></p>
<h2><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Restrictions”>Restrictions</span></h2>
<div role=”note” class=”hatnote navigation-not-searchable”>See also: Hardware restrictions § Apple devices</div>
<p>Apple tightly controls certain aspects of the iPhone. According to Jonathan Zittrain, the emergence of closed devices like the iPhone have made computing more proprietary than early versions of Microsoft Windows.<sup id=”cite_ref-314″ class=”reference”>[314]</sup></p>
<p>The hacker community has found many workarounds, most of which are disallowed by Apple and make it difficult or impossible to obtain warranty service.<sup id=”cite_ref-315″ class=”reference”>[315]</sup> “Jailbreaking” allows users to install apps not available on the App Store or modify basic functionality. SIM unlocking allows the iPhone to be used on a different carrier’s network.<sup id=”cite_ref-316″ class=”reference”>[316]</sup> However, in the United States, Apple cannot void an iPhone’s warranty unless it can show that a problem or component failure is linked to the installation or placement of an after-market item such as unauthorized applications, because of the Federal Trade Commission‘s Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act of 1975.<sup id=”cite_ref-317″ class=”reference”>[317]</sup></p>
<p>The iPhone also has an area and settings where users can set restrictions or parental controls<sup id=”cite_ref-318″ class=”reference”>[318]</sup> on apps that can be downloaded or used within the iPhone. The restrictions area requires a password.<sup id=”cite_ref-restrictions_319-0″ class=”reference”>[319]</sup></p>
<h3><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Activation”>Activation</span></h3>
<p>The iPhone normally prevents access to its media player and web features unless it has also been activated as a phone with an authorized carrier. On July 3, 2007, Jon Lech Johansen reported on his blog that he had successfully bypassed this requirement and unlocked the iPhone’s other features with a combination of custom software and modification of the iTunes binary. He published the software and offsets for others to use.<sup id=”cite_ref-320″ class=”reference”>[320]</sup></p>
<p>Unlike the first generation iPhone, the iPhone 3G must be activated in the store in most countries.<sup id=”cite_ref-321″ class=”reference”>[321]</sup> This makes the iPhone 3G more difficult, but not impossible, to hack. The need for in-store activation, as well as the huge number of first-generation iPhone and iPod Touch users upgrading to iPhone OS 2.0, caused a worldwide overload of Apple’s servers on July 11, 2008, the day on which both the iPhone 3G and iPhone OS 2.0 updates as well as MobileMe were released. After the update, devices were required to connect to Apple’s servers to authenticate it, causing many devices to be temporarily unusable.<sup id=”cite_ref-322″ class=”reference”>[322]</sup></p>
<p>Users on the O2 network in the United Kingdom, however, can buy the phone online and activate it via iTunes as with the previous model.<sup id=”cite_ref-323″ class=”reference”>[323]</sup> Even where not required, vendors usually offer activation for the buyer’s convenience. In the US, Apple has begun to offer free shipping on both the iPhone 3G and the iPhone 3GS (when available), reversing the in-store activation requirement. Best Buy and Walmart will also sell the iPhone.<sup id=”cite_ref-Buy_iPhone_324-0″ class=”reference”>[324]</sup></p>
<h3><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Unapproved_third-party_software_and_jailbreaking”>Unapproved third-party software and jailbreaking</span></h3>
<div role=”note” class=”hatnote navigation-not-searchable”>See also: iOS jailbreaking and iPhone Dev Team</div>
<p>The iPhone’s operating system is designed to only run software that has an Apple-approved cryptographic signature. This restriction can be overcome by “jailbreaking” the phone,<sup id=”cite_ref-325″ class=”reference”>[325]</sup> which involves replacing the iPhone’s firmware with a slightly modified version that does not enforce the signature check. Doing so may be a circumvention of Apple’s technical protection measures.<sup id=”cite_ref-326″ class=”reference”>[326]</sup> Apple, in a statement to the United States Copyright Office in response to Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) lobbying for a DMCA exception for this kind of hacking, claimed that jailbreaking the iPhone would be copyright infringement due to the necessary modification of system software.<sup id=”cite_ref-327″ class=”reference”>[327]</sup> However, in 2010, Jailbreaking was declared officially legal in the United States by the DMCA.<sup id=”cite_ref-328″ class=”reference”>[328]</sup> Jailbroken iPhones may be susceptible to computer viruses, but few such incidents have been reported.<sup id=”cite_ref-329″ class=”reference”>[329]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-330″ class=”reference”>[330]</sup></p>
<p>iOS and Android 2.3.3 ‘Gingerbread’ may be set up to dual boot on a jailbroken iPhone with the help of OpeniBoot or iDroid.<sup id=”cite_ref-331″ class=”reference”>[331]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-332″ class=”reference”>[332]</sup></p>
<p>In 2007, 2010, and 2011, developers released a series of tools called JailbreakMe that used security vulnerabilities in Mobile Safari rendering to jailbreak the device (which allows users to install any compatible software on the device instead of only App Store apps).<sup id=”cite_ref-333″ class=”reference”>[333]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-334″ class=”reference”>[334]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-jailbreakme-informationweek_335-0″ class=”reference”>[335]</sup> Each of these exploits were quickly fixed by iOS updates from Apple. Theoretically these flaws could have also been used for malicious purposes.<sup id=”cite_ref-336″ class=”reference”>[336]</sup></p>
<p>In July 2011, Apple released iOS 4.3.5 (4.2.10 for CDMA iPhone) to fix a security vulnerability with certificate validation.<sup id=”cite_ref-337″ class=”reference”>[337]</sup></p>
<p>Following the release of the iPhone 5S model, a group of German hackers called the Chaos Computer Club announced on September 21, 2013, that they had bypassed Apple’s new Touch ID fingerprint sensor by using “easy everyday means.” The group explained that the security system had been defeated by photographing a fingerprint from a glass surface and using that captured image as verification. The spokesman for the group stated: “We hope that this finally puts to rest the illusions people have about fingerprint biometrics. It is plain stupid to use something that you can’t change and that you leave everywhere every day as a security token.”<sup id=”cite_ref-338″ class=”reference”>[338]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-touch-ccc_339-0″ class=”reference”>[339]</sup></p>
<h3><span class=”mw-headline” id=”SIM_unlocking”>SIM unlocking</span></h3>
<h4><span class=”mw-headline” id=”United_States”>United States</span></h4>
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iPhone 3G shown with the SIM tray partially ejected</div>
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<p>Most iPhones were and are still sold with a SIM lock, which restricts the use of the phone to one particular carrier, a common practice with subsidized GSM phones. Unlike most GSM phones however, the phone cannot be officially unlocked by entering a code. The locked/unlocked state is maintained on Apple’s servers per IMEI and is set when the iPhone is activated.<sup id=”cite_ref-340″ class=”reference”>[340]</sup></p>
<p>While the iPhone was initially sold in the US only on the AT&T network with a SIM lock in place, various hackers have found methods to “unlock” the phone from a specific network.<sup id=”cite_ref-341″ class=”reference”>[341]</sup> Although AT&T, Sprint, T-Mobile and Verizon are the only authorized iPhone carriers in the United States, unlocked iPhones can be used with other carriers.<sup id=”cite_ref-bw_342-0″ class=”reference”>[342]</sup> For example, an unlocked iPhone may be used on the T-Mobile network in the US but, while an unlocked iPhone is compatible with T-Mobile’s <i>voice</i> network, it may not be able to make use of 3G functionality (i.e. no mobile web or e-mail, etc.).<sup id=”cite_ref-AppleInsider.2C_January_11.2C_2012_343-0″ class=”reference”>[343]</sup><sup class=”noprint Inline-Template” style=”white-space:nowrap;”>[<i><span title=”"Article”>not in citation given</span></i>]</sup> More than a quarter of the original 1st generation iPhones sold in the US were not registered with AT&T. Apple speculates that they were likely shipped overseas and unlocked, a lucrative market before the iPhone 3G’s worldwide release.<sup id=”cite_ref-NPD_demographics_31-1″ class=”reference”>[31]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-344″ class=”reference”>[344]</sup></p>
<p>On March 26, 2009, AT&T in the United States began selling the iPhone without a contract, though still SIM-locked to their network.<sup id=”cite_ref-345″ class=”reference”>[345]</sup> The up-front purchase price of such iPhone units is often twice as expensive as those bundled with contracts.<sup id=”cite_ref-346″ class=”reference”>[346]</sup></p>
<p>Outside of the United States, policies differ, especially in US territories and insular areas like Guam; GTA Teleguam was the exclusive carrier for the iPhone since its introduction, as none of the four US carriers (AT&T, Sprint, T-Mobile, and Verizon) have a presence in the area.<sup id=”cite_ref-347″ class=”reference”>[347]</sup> Since 2013, Docomo Pacific ended GTA’s exclusivity starting with the iPhone 5.<sup id=”cite_ref-348″ class=”reference”>[348]</sup></p>
<p>Beginning April 8, 2012, AT&T began offering a factory SIM unlock option (which Apple calls a “whitelisting”, allowing it to be used on any carrier the phone supports) for iPhone owners.<sup id=”cite_ref-349″ class=”reference”>[349]</sup></p>
<p>It has been reported that all of the Verizon 4G LTE phones come factory unlocked. After such discovery, Verizon announced that all of their 4G LTE phones, including iPhones, would remain unlocked. This is due to the regulations that the FCC has placed on the 700 MHz C-Block spectrum, which is used by Verizon.<sup id=”cite_ref-350″ class=”reference”>[350]</sup></p>
<h4><span class=”mw-headline” id=”United_Kingdom”>United Kingdom</span></h4>
<p>In the United Kingdom, O2, EE, 3, Vodafone, and Tesco Mobile sell the device under subsidised contracts, or for use on pay as you go. They are locked to the network initially, though they can usually be unlocked either after a certain period of contract length has passed, or for a small fee (with the exception of the 3 network, which will unlock the device at any time for no charge).<sup id=”cite_ref-351″ class=”reference”>[351]</sup> However, all current versions of iPhone are available for purchase SIM-free from the Apple Store or Apple’s Online Store, consequently, they are unlocked for use on any GSM network too.<sup id=”cite_ref-iPhone_is_sold_SIM_free_and_customer_can_choose_carrier._352-0″ class=”reference”>[352]</sup></p>
<h4><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Australia_and_other_countries”>Australia and other countries</span></h4>
<p>Four major carriers in Australia (Optus, Telstra, Virgin Mobile, and Vodafone)<sup id=”cite_ref-Apple_Store_Australia_353-0″ class=”reference”>[353]</sup> offer legitimate unlocking, now at no cost for all iPhone devices, both current and prior models.</p>
<p>Internationally, policies vary, but many carriers sell the iPhone unlocked for full retail price.<sup id=”cite_ref-Carrier_unlocking_list_157-1″ class=”reference”>[157]</sup></p>
<h2><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Legal_battles_over_brand_name”>Legal battles over brand name</span></h2>
<h3><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Mexico”>Mexico</span></h3>
<p>In 2003, four years before the iPhone was officially introduced, the trademark iFone was registered in Mexico by a communications systems and services company, iFone.<sup id=”cite_ref-354″ class=”reference”>[354]</sup> Apple tried to gain control over its brandname, but a Mexican court denied the request. The case began in 2009, when the Mexican firm sued Apple. The Supreme court of Mexico upheld that iFone is the rightful owner and held that Apple iPhone is a trademark violation.<sup id=”cite_ref-355″ class=”reference”>[355]</sup></p>
<h3><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Brazil”>Brazil</span></h3>
<p>In Brazil the brand IPHONE was registered in 2000 by the company then called Gradiente Eletrônica S.A., now IGB Eletrônica S.A. According to the filing, Gradiente foresaw the revolution in the convergence of voice and data over the Internet at the time.<sup id=”cite_ref-reuters-2012_356-0″ class=”reference”>[356]</sup></p>
<p>In Brazil, the final battle over the brandname concluded in 2008. On December 18, 2012, IGB launched its own line of Android smartphones under the tradename to which it has exclusive rights in the local market.<sup id=”cite_ref-reuters-2012_356-1″ class=”reference”>[356]</sup> In February 2013, the Brazilian Patent and Trademark Office (known as “Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial”) issued a ruling that Gradiente Eletrônica, not Apple, owned the “iPhone” mark in Brazil. The “iPhone” term was registered by Gradiente in 2000, 7 years before Apple’s release of its first iPhone. This decision came 3 months after Gradiente Eletrônica launched a lower-cost smartphone using the iPhone brand.<sup id=”cite_ref-357″ class=”reference”>[357]</sup></p>
<p>In June 2014, Apple won, for the second time, the right to use the brandname in Brazil. The court ruling determined that the Gradiente’s registration does not own exclusive rights on the brand. Although Gradiente intended to appeal, with the decision Apple can use freely the brand without paying royalties to the Brazilian company.<sup id=”cite_ref-358″ class=”reference”>[358]</sup></p>
<h3><span class=”mw-headline” id=”Philippines”>Philippines</span></h3>
<p>In the Philippines, Solid Group launched the MyPhone brand in 2007. Stylized as “my|phone”, Solid Broadband filed a trademark application of that brand. Apple later filed a trademark case at the Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines (IPOPHL) against Solid Broadband’s MyPhone for “confusingly similar” to the iPhone and that it may likely “deceive” or “cause confusion” among consumers.</p>
<p>Apple lost the trademark battle to Solid Group in a 2015 decision made by IPO director Nathaniel Arevalo, who also reportedly said that it was unlikely that consumers would be confused between the “iPhone” and the “MyPhone”. “This is a case of a giant trying to claim more territory than what it is entitled to, to the great prejudice of a local ‘Pinoy Phone’ merchant who has managed to obtain a significant foothold in the mobile phone market through the marketing and sale of innovative products under a very distinctive trademark,” Arevalo later added.<sup id=”cite_ref-359″ class=”reference”>[359]</sup><sup id=”cite_ref-360″ class=”reference”>[360]</sup></p>
<h2><span class=”mw-headline” id=”See_also”>See also</span></h2>
- Newton (platform), an early personal digital assistant and the first tablet platform developed by Apple
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<h2><span class=”mw-headline” id=”References”>References</span></h2>
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- <span class=”official-website”><span class=”url”>iPhone</span></span> – official site
- Technical specifications (all models) at Apple Inc.
- <span class=”plainlinks”>Video of Jobs launching the iPhone at Macworld 2007</span> on YouTube
- Digging for rare earths: The mines where iPhones are born at CNET News, September 26, 2012
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<div role=”navigation” class=”navbox” aria-labelledby=”Apple_hardware_since_1998″ style=”padding:3px”>
<table class=”nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner” style=”border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit” id=”collapsibleTable1″>
<tbody><tr>
<th scope=”col” class=”navbox-title” colspan=”2″><span class=”collapseButton”>[show]</span>
<div class=”plainlinks hlist navbar mini”>
</div>
<div id=”Apple_hardware_since_1998″ style=”font-size:114%;margin:0 4em”>Apple hardware since 1998</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr style=”display: none;”>
<th scope=”row” class=”navbox-group” style=”width:1%”>Consumer desktop/all-in-ones</th>
<td class=”navbox-list navbox-odd” style=”text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px”>
<div style=”padding:0em 0.25em”>
- eMac
- iMac
  - G3
  - G4
  - G5
  - Intel-based
- Mac Mini
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style=”display: none;”>
<th scope=”row” class=”navbox-group” style=”width:1%”>Professional tower/desktop</th>
<td class=”navbox-list navbox-even” style=”text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px”>
<div style=”padding:0em 0.25em”>
- Mac Pro
- Power Macintosh
  - G3
  - G4
  - G4 Cube
  - G5
- Xserve
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style=”display: none;”>
<th scope=”row” class=”navbox-group” style=”width:1%”>Consumer notebook</th>
<td class=”navbox-list navbox-odd” style=”text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px”>
<div style=”padding:0em 0.25em”>
- iBook
- MacBook
  - Retina
- MacBook Air
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style=”display: none;”>
<th scope=”row” class=”navbox-group” style=”width:1%”>Professional notebooks</th>
<td class=”navbox-list navbox-even” style=”text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px”>
<div style=”padding:0em 0.25em”>
- PowerBook
  - G3
  - G4
- MacBook Pro
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style=”display: none;”>
<th scope=”row” class=”navbox-group” style=”width:1%”>Consumer electronics</th>
<td class=”navbox-list navbox-odd” style=”text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px”>
<div style=”padding:0em 0.25em”>
- Apple TV
- Apple Watch
  - 1st
  - 2nd
  - 3rd
- Displays
- iPad
  - 1st
  - 2
  - 3rd
  - 4th
  - 5th
- iPad Air
  - 1st
  - 2
- iPad Mini
  - 1st
  - 2
  - 3
  - 4
- iPad Pro
  - 2
- iPhone
  - 1st
  - 3G
  - 3GS
  - 4
  - 4S
  - 5
  - 5C
  - 5S
  - 6 / 6 Plus
  - 6S / 6S Plus
  - SE
  - 7 / 7 Plus
  - 8 / 8 Plus
  - X
- iPod
  - Classic
  - Photo
  - Mini
  - iPod+HP
  - Shuffle
  - Nano
  - Touch
- Newton
  - MessagePad
  - eMate 300
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style=”display: none;”>
<th scope=”row” class=”navbox-group” style=”width:1%”>Accessories</th>
<td class=”navbox-list navbox-even” style=”text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px”>
<div style=”padding:0em 0.25em”>
- AirPort
- iPod
- iSight
- Keyboard
  - Wireless
  - Magic
- Trackpad
  - Magic
  - Magic 2
- Mouse
  - USB
  - Pro
  - Wireless
  - Mighty
  - Magic
  - Magic 2
- Pencil
- AirPods
- Remote
- Siri Remote
- SuperDrive
- USB Modem
- Xserve RAID
- AirPower
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style=”display: none;”>
<td class=”navbox-abovebelow” colspan=”2″>
<div>Apple hardware before 1998</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div role=”navigation” class=”navbox” aria-labelledby=”Apple_Inc.” style=”padding:3px”>
<table class=”nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner” style=”border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit” id=”collapsibleTable2″>
<tbody><tr>
<th scope=”col” class=”navbox-title” colspan=”3″><span class=”collapseButton”>[show]</span>
<div class=”plainlinks hlist navbar mini”>
</div>
<div id=”Apple_Inc.” style=”font-size:114%;margin:0 4em”>Apple Inc.</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr style=”display: none;”>
<td class=”navbox-abovebelow” colspan=”3″>
<div>
- History
- Outline
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style=”display: none;”>
<th scope=”row” class=”navbox-group” style=”width:1%”>Founders</th>
<td class=”navbox-list navbox-odd” style=”text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px”>
<div style=”padding:0em 0.25em”>
</div>
</td>
<td class=”navbox-image” rowspan=”7″ style=”width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px”>
<div></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style=”display: none;”>
<th scope=”row” class=”navbox-group” style=”width:1%”>Board of<br>
directors</th>
<td class=”navbox-list navbox-odd” style=”text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px”>
<div style=”padding:0em 0.25em”></div>
<table class=”nowraplinks navbox-subgroup” style=”border-spacing:0″>
<tbody><tr>
<th scope=”row” class=”navbox-group” style=”width:1%”>Current</th>
<td class=”navbox-list navbox-even” style=”text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px”>
<div style=”padding:0em 0.25em”>
- James A. Bell
- Tim Cook (CEO)
- Albert Gore Jr.
- Robert A. Iger
- Andrea Jung
- Arthur D. Levinson (Chairman)
- Ronald D. Sugar
- Susan L. Wagner
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope=”row” class=”navbox-group” style=”width:1%”>Former</th>
<td class=”navbox-list navbox-odd” style=”text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px”>
<div style=”padding:0em 0.25em”>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style=”display: none;”>
<th scope=”row” class=”navbox-group” style=”width:1%”>Executives</th>
<td class=”navbox-list navbox-odd” style=”text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px”>
<div style=”padding:0em 0.25em”></div>
<table class=”nowraplinks navbox-subgroup” style=”border-spacing:0″>
<tbody><tr>
<th scope=”row” class=”navbox-group” style=”width:1%”>Current</th>
<td class=”navbox-list navbox-even” style=”text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px”>
<div style=”padding:0em 0.25em”>
- Tim Cook (CEO)
- Jonathan Ive (CDO)
- Jeff Williams (COO)
- Luca Maestri (CFO)
- Angela Ahrendts
- Phil Schiller
- Eddy Cue
- Craig Federighi
- Dan Riccio
- Johny Srouji
- Bruce Sewell
- Lisa Jackson
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope=”row” class=”navbox-group” style=”width:1%”>Former</th>
<td class=”navbox-list navbox-odd” style=”text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px”>
<div style=”padding:0em 0.25em”>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style=”display: none;”>
<th scope=”row” class=”navbox-group” style=”width:1%”>Services</th>
<td class=”navbox-list navbox-odd” style=”text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px”>
<div style=”padding:0em 0.25em”></div>
<table class=”nowraplinks navbox-subgroup” style=”border-spacing:0″>
<tbody><tr>
<td colspan=”2″ class=”navbox-list navbox-even” style=”width:100%;padding:0px”>
<div style=”padding:0em 0.25em”>
- Apple ID
- Apple Maps
- Apple Music
- Apple Pay
- Developer
  - iAd
  - TestFlight
- Game Center
- iCloud
  - MobileMe
- iWork
- News
  - Newsstand
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope=”row” class=”navbox-group” style=”width:1%”>Stores</th>
<td class=”navbox-list navbox-odd” style=”text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px”>
<div style=”padding:0em 0.25em”>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope=”row” class=”navbox-group” style=”width:1%”>Support</th>
<td class=”navbox-list navbox-even” style=”text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px”>
<div style=”padding:0em 0.25em”>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style=”display: none;”>
<th scope=”row” class=”navbox-group” style=”width:1%”>Products</th>
<td class=”navbox-list navbox-odd” style=”text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px”>
<div style=”padding:0em 0.25em”></div>
<table class=”nowraplinks navbox-subgroup” style=”border-spacing:0″>
<tbody><tr>
<th scope=”row” class=”navbox-group” style=”width:1%”>Hardware</th>
<td class=”navbox-list navbox-odd” style=”text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px”>
<div style=”padding:0em 0.25em”>
- Macintosh
  - Intel transition
- iPod
  - Nano
  - Shuffle
  - Touch
- iPhone
- iPad
  - Mini
  - Air
  - Pro
- Apple TV
- Apple Watch
- Apple SIM
- Apple Mobile Processors
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope=”row” class=”navbox-group” style=”width:1%”>Software</th>
<td class=”navbox-list navbox-even” style=”text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px”>
<div style=”padding:0em 0.25em”>
- Classic Mac OS
- macOS
  - History
  - Server
  - Software
- iOS
  - Version history
- tvOS
- watchOS
- Core Foundation
- Developer Tools
- Final Cut Pro
- Logic Pro
- QuickTime
- CarPlay
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style=”display: none;”>
<th scope=”row” class=”navbox-group” style=”width:1%”>Companies</th>
<td class=”navbox-list navbox-odd” style=”text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px”>
<div style=”padding:0em 0.25em”></div>
<table class=”nowraplinks navbox-subgroup” style=”border-spacing:0″>
<tbody><tr>
<th scope=”row” class=”navbox-group” style=”width:1%”>Subsidiaries</th>
<td class=”navbox-list navbox-odd” style=”text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px”>
<div style=”padding:0em 0.25em”>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope=”row” class=”navbox-group” style=”width:1%”>Acquisitions</th>
<td class=”navbox-list navbox-even” style=”text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px”>
<div style=”padding:0em 0.25em”>
- Anobit
- AuthenTec Inc.
- Beats Electronics
  - Beats Music
- Cue
- Emagic
- FingerWorks
- Intrinsity
- Lala
- NeXT
- Nothing Real
- Metaio
- P.A. Semi
- PrimeSense
- Siri
- Spotsetter
- Topsy
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style=”display: none;”>
<th scope=”row” class=”navbox-group” style=”width:1%”>Related</th>
<td class=”navbox-list navbox-odd” style=”text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px”>
<div style=”padding:0em 0.25em”>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style=”display: none;”>
<td class=”navbox-abovebelow” colspan=”3″>
<div>
- <i></i> Book
- Category
- Portal
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div role=”navigation” class=”navbox” aria-label=”Navbox” style=”padding:3px”>
<table class=”nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner” style=”border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit”>
<tbody><tr>
<th scope=”row” class=”navbox-group” style=”width:1%”>Authority control</th>
<td class=”navbox-list navbox-odd” style=”text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px”>
<div style=”padding:0em 0.25em”>
- <span class=”nowrap”>LCCN: <span class=”uid”>sh2007007371</span></span>
- <span class=”nowrap”>GND: <span class=”uid”>7596595-1</span></span>
- <span class=”nowrap”>BNF: <span class=”uid”>cb156082549 (data)</span></span>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>

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<div class=”suggestions” style=”display: none; font-size: 13px;”><div class=”suggestions-results”></div><div class=”suggestions-special”></div></div><div class=”mw-mmv-overlay”></div><div class=”mw-mmv-wrapper”><div class=”mw-mmv-main metadata-panel-is-closed”><div class=”mw-mmv-pre-image”><button class=”mw-mmv-close” original-title=”Close this tool (Esc)”> </button><button class=”mw-mmv-download-button” original-title=”Download this file”> </button><button class=”mw-mmv-reuse-button” original-title=”Share or embed this file”> </button><button class=”mw-mmv-fullscreen” original-title=”Show in full screen” style=”display: inline-block;”> </button><button class=”mw-mmv-options-button” original-title=”Enable or disable Media Viewer”> </button><button title=”Show next image” class=”mw-mmv-next-image” style=”top: 197.5px;”> </button><button title=”Show previous image” class=”mw-mmv-prev-image” style=”top: 197.5px;”> </button></div><div class=”mw-mmv-image-wrapper”><div class=”mw-mmv-image-inner-wrapper”><div class=”mw-mmv-image”></div><div class=”mw-mmv-dialog mw-mmv-reuse-dialog”><div class=”mw-mmv-dialog-down-arrow”></div></div><div class=”mw-mmv-dialog mw-mmv-download-dialog”><div class=”mw-mmv-dialog-down-arrow”></div></div><div class=”mw-mmv-dialog mw-mmv-options-dialog”><div class=”mw-mmv-dialog-down-arrow”></div><div class=”mw-mmv-enable-confirmation”><div class=”mw-mmv-confirmation-close”> </div><h3 class=”mw-mmv-options-dialog-header”>You have enabled Media Viewer for all files</h3><div class=”mw-mmv-options-text”><p class=”mw-mmv-options-text-header”>Next time you click on a thumbnail on Wikipedia, Media Viewer will be used.</p></div></div><div class=”mw-mmv-disable-confirmation”><div class=”mw-mmv-confirmation-close”> </div><h3 class=”mw-mmv-options-dialog-header”>You have disabled Media Viewer</h3><div class=”mw-mmv-options-text”><p class=”mw-mmv-options-text-header”>Next time you click on a thumbnail on Wikipedia, you will directly view all file details.</p></div></div><div class=”mw-mmv-options-enable”><div class=”mw-mmv-options-enable-alert”>Media Viewer is now disabled</div><h3 class=”mw-mmv-options-dialog-header”>Enable Media Viewer?</h3><div class=”mw-mmv-options-subcontainer”><div class=”mw-mmv-options-icon”> </div><div class=”mw-mmv-options-text”><p class=”mw-mmv-options-text-header”>Enable this media viewing feature for all files by default.</p>Learn more</div></div><div class=”mw-mmv-options-submit”><button class=”mw-mmv-options-submit-button mw-ui-button mw-ui-progressive”>Enable Media Viewer</button><button class=”mw-mmv-options-cancel-button mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet”>Cancel</button></div></div><div class=”mw-mmv-options-disable”><h3 class=”mw-mmv-options-dialog-header”>Disable Media Viewer?</h3><div class=”mw-mmv-options-subcontainer”><div class=”mw-mmv-options-icon”> </div><div class=”mw-mmv-options-text”><p class=”mw-mmv-options-text-header”>Skip this viewing feature for all files.</p><p class=”mw-mmv-options-text-body”>You can enable it later through the file details page.</p>Learn more</div></div><div class=”mw-mmv-options-submit”><button class=”mw-mmv-options-submit-button mw-ui-button mw-ui-progressive”>Disable Media Viewer</button><button class=”mw-mmv-options-cancel-button mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet”>Cancel</button></div></div></div></div></div><div class=”mw-mmv-post-image mw-mmv-ttf-ellipsis-container invite” style=”top: 515px;”><div class=”mw-mmv-above-fold”><div class=”mw-mmv-progress empty”><div class=”mw-mmv-progress-percent” style=”width: 0px; overflow: hidden;”></div></div><div class=”mw-mmv-title-contain”><div class=”mw-mmv-stripe-button-container”>More details</div></div><p class=”mw-mmv-title-para mw-mmv-ttf-container mw-mmv-ttf-normal”><span class=”mw-mmv-title” original-title=””>A vector illustration of the iPhone X.</span><span class=”mw-mmv-ttf-ellipsis” original-title=”” style=”display: none;”>…</span></p></div><div class=”mw-mmv-image-metadata”><div class=”mw-mmv-image-metadata-column mw-mmv-image-metadata-desc-column”><p class=”mw-mmv-credit mw-mmv-ttf-container mw-mmv-ttf-normal”><span class=”mw-mmv-source-author” original-title=””><span class=”mw-mmv-author”>Rafael Fernandez</span> – <span class=”mw-mmv-source”><span class=”int-own-work” lang=”en”>Own work</span></span></span><span class=”mw-mmv-ttf-ellipsis” original-title=”” style=”display: none;”>…</span></p><div class=”mw-mmv-image-desc-div empty”><p class=”mw-mmv-image-desc”></p></div><div class=”mw-mmv-permission-box mw-mmv-info-box empty”><h3>Permission details</h3><div class=”mw-mmv-permission-text”></div><div class=”mw-mmv-permission-html”></div><div class=”mw-mmv-permission-close”></div></div></div><div class=”mw-mmv-image-metadata-column mw-mmv-image-metadata-links-column”><div class=”mw-mmv-image-links-div”><ul class=”mw-mmv-image-links”><li class=”mw-mmv-license-li cc-license”>CC BY-SA 4.0<span class=”mw-mmv-restrictions”></span><span class=”mw-mmv-permission-link mw-mmv-label” style=”display: none;”>view terms</span><li class=”mw-mmv-filename-li”><span class=”mw-mmv-filename-prefix”>File:</span><span class=”mw-mmv-filename”>IPhone X vector.svg</span><li class=”mw-mmv-datetime-li”><span class=”mw-mmv-datetime”>Created: 12 September 2017</span><li class=”mw-mmv-location-li empty”></div></div><div class=”mw-mmv-about-links”>About | Discussion | Help</div></div></div><svg><filter id=”gaussian-blur”><feGaussianBlur stdDeviation=”3″></feGaussianBlur></filter></svg></div></div></body>
So guys i do prank calls.
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